Kungani i-Vector Group ye-Dyn11 yisikhetho esihle kakhulu kwezindawo zokuthengisa izithombe zasezinsukwini

Kwiminyaka yezinsayensi zokuphatha amandla, ukukhetha i-vector group yokuthekwisa kuyisisekelo sokuvikela ukuthi umkhakha wokuphatha amandla uyasebenza ngendlela efanele, ukuthi ivoltilejhi ibe yindlela efanele, nokuthi izinkampani zokusebenzisa amandla zibe nesikhathi eside sokusebenza ngendlela efanele.

Nakuba imikhakha yezinsayensi zokuphatha amandla iyaphakanyiswa kakhulu, I-Dyn11 transformers ziyaphakanyiswa kakhulu njengokukhethwa kwabantu bokuphatha amandla kumikhakha yezinsayensi zokuphatha amandla emidlathoni kusukela ku-IEC, kufikwa e-Europe, e-Southeast Asia, e-Middle East, ne-Latin America.

Kusukela emabhotshini amahle, emizimba yezinsayensi zokusebenzisa amandla, kuya kumaqhosha okuphatha amandla kwe-EV, kuya kumaqhosha okuphatha amandla kwezindlela zokuthenga amandla, izinkampani zokuphatha amandla kufanele zibone izilungiselelo zokuphatha amandla ezilungile, izinkampani zokusebenzisa amandla ezingavamile, nokuthi kubhekwe kuzo izilungiselelo zokuvikela ezilungile.

U I-Dyn11 vector group , ekhombisa ukuthi umkhakha we-high-voltage uyasebenza ngokugxilwa kwe-delta, futhi umkhakha we-low-voltage uyasebenza ngokugxilwa kwe-star nesikhundla sokungena kwesikhundla sokungena, kunezinkambo eziningi zokusebenza okuhle kunye nezinkambo zokugxilwa kwe-star-star zokwesibonelo Yyn0.

Kodwa, i-Dyn11 ayisifunda esifanayo sasezwenkulu sonke. Isifunda esihle sesikhundla sokugxilwa singaphendula kumakhubu amaningi: umkhakha wovoltage, isimo sokugxilwa kwe-earth, izinkambu zemisebenzi, nokuthi yini okufanele kusenziwa ngabasebenzi bokusebenza.

Le ngqalasela ibonisa ukuthi i-Dyn11 ithi ntoni, izinkambo zakho zokusebenza, izahlukahlukana phakathi kwe-Dyn11 no-Yyn0, futhi izinkinga eziphambili zokukhetha umkhakha wokusebenza.

1. I-Dyn11 iyiphi indlela yokugxilwa kwe-transformer?

Indlela yokugxilwa kwe-transformer ibonisa indlela yokugxilwa kwe-mkhakha futhi ukuthi kuyisiphi isikhundla sokuguqula phakathi kwe-high-voltage (HV) no-low-voltage (LV).

Ngokwesifundo se-IEC 60076-1, izithi zokugxilwa kwe-transformer zibonisa indlela yokugxilwa kwe-mkhakha futhi isikhundla sokuguqula sokuphambuka.

Ukuzwa ukuthi i-Dyn11 ithi ntoni

Isimboli	Ukuchaza	Ukusebenza Kwemithambo
D	Ukubindeka kwe-HV kubindekwe ngokwesiqhelo (Δ)	Kunikeza umendo owodwa ukusula amaqonga okukhanya okuphambili
y	Ukubindeka kwe-LV kubindekwe ngokwesiqhelo se-Sta (Y)	Kusiza ekugcineni kwemithathu yezikhathi ezingaphansi
n	Isikhundla sesi-Ngqondweni siboniswa ngaphansi kwe-LV	Kusiza emithathu yezikhathi, isisombululo sesine-izikhathi
11	Isigaba sokuhlanganisa ngezikhathi	Izikhathi ze-LV zihlanganisa ngaphambi kwezikhathi ze-HV ngama-30°

Kungani u-Dyn11 unamahlangu angama-30°?

Amagumbi we-vector wezinhlangano ze-IEC zetransformer zisebenzisa isigaba sokuhlanganisa ngezikhathi ukuchaza ukuguqula kwezikhathi phakathi kwezinhlangano zezikhathi zokuqala nezokugcina.

Umbono we-HV waphakathi kwe-12 o’clock, ngelishwa lesiLV siphakathi ngokwesibonelo se-vector group number.

Ku-Dyn11, umbono we-LV siphakathi kwe-11 o’clock, esibonisa ukuthi kubheka phambili ngama-30° kulandela umphakathi we-HV.

Lokhu kubhekisana kwezikhathi zokusebenza kubalulekile kakhulu xa kubhekiswa ukusebenza kwabantu baka-transformer, ukwenza inkulu kwenethiwekhi, nokubuyisela izinkampani zokusebenza.

Isibonelo, i-Dyn11 ne-Dyn1 zinamathuba amabili okubhekisana kwezikhathi zokusebenza futhi azikwazi ukubambisana ngokuzenzakalelayo kusuka ku-busbar yodwa.

2. Amathuba amane amakhulu we-Dyn11 distribution transformers

2.1 Ukuvutha kwezinkinga zokusebenza ngokungafani

Ukusebenza ngokungafani kwezikhathi zokusebenza kubalulekile kakhulu kwezikhathi zokusebenza kwezinhlangano zokugcina ezincane.

Amagumbi e-commerce, amagumbi e-mhlaba, amagumbi e-shopping, namagumbi e-industrial ayisisekelo sezinto ezinye zokusebenza, kufuneka kubhekiswe izinto zokujabulisa, izithombe zokuhlanza, izithombe zokusebenza, izithombe zokusebenza ngezithombe zokusebenza.

Lezi zizindlela zokusebenza zihlukile kakhulu kuzoba nezindlela zokusebenza ezintathu ngokufanayo.

Izinkinga nezindlela zokusebenza ze-Yyn0

Kwizindlela zokusebenza ze-Yyn0, izindlela zokusebenza zezibhodi zezinkulu nezincane ziyasebenzisa izindlela zokusebenza zezibhodi ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwesikhathi.

Lapho izindlela zokusebenza zezibhodi nezindlela zokusebenza zemithambo ayizindiza umkhondo wokusebenza okuphelele we-zero-sequence, ukusebenza okungafanani kakhulu kungasiza ukususa umkhondo wokusebenza we-neutral futhi ukubeka izivumelwano zokusebenza zezibhodi-ne-neutral ezizingeni.

Ubukhulu buyiphakade kubuhle bokusebenza, indlela yokugxilwa, ubunzima bezibhodi, nokuphakanyiswa kwe-system.

Izimpumelelo zezindlela zokusebenza ze-Dyn11

Izindlela zokusebenza zezibhodi zezinkulu ezigxilwe ngendlela yomkhondo zisiza ukusabela umkhondo wokusebenza owenziwe ngokusebenza kwe-zero-sequence.

Lokhu kusiza ukugcina izivumelwano zokusebenza zezibhodi-ne-neutral eziphelele ngemikhono eyodwa yokugxilwa futhi kunciphisa izinkinga ezinye eziphakanyiswe ngokusebenza kwe-star-star ephakade akho umkhondo wokusebenza othembekile.

Ngakho-ke, izi-transformer ze-Dyn11 ziyasebenza kahle kumanyathelo okuningi we-distribution oshicilela amaqhinga amaningi we-single-phase.

Kodwa, isibonelo se-Dyn11 sokuqala akasivumeli ngokuphelele ukusebenza kwe-unbalanced-load. Ukubaluleka kwe-unbalanced-load kuyiphendula kwezindlela zokwakha kwe-winding, i-thermal capacity, isilinganiso sesikhundla se-neutral, nokuthuluzwa kwe-manufacturer.

2.2 Ukuthintana Okuvamile Kwe-Triplen Harmonic

Amakhono we-electrical angaphansi kwezinsuku zezinsuku zihlukaniswe kakhulu ngamagqirha angaphansi kwe-nonlinear, njenge-:

• I-Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs)

• I-Switch-mode power supplies

• I-Data center IT equipment

• I-EV charging equipment

• I-Solar photovoltaic inverters

• I-Battery energy storage converters

Lezi zizindlela zokusebenza zingakwakha izindlela zokugcina ezingaphansi kwezinye izindlela zokugcina, ukuphahla kwemithombo yezindawo, nokubhekana nezinkinga zokuhle kokusebenza kwamandla.

Izindlela zokugcina zokuthi-3, zokuthi-9, nezokuthi-15 zingaba zingathembekile kumandla okuphakathi kwezindawo ezintathu, ngezindawo zokusakazela ezine amandla ngoba izindlela zokugcina zokuthi-0 zingadlula kumandla wokuphakathi.

Ukuthi i-Delta Winding Injani

Umphakathi we-HV oqukethe i-delta unakha umgudu wokuzihamba kwezindlela zokugcina zokuthi-3 ezifanele.

Lezi zindlela zokuzihamba zingabeka isiphumo sokukhupha izindlela zokugcina zokuthi-0 kumandla wokuphakathi wokuphambili we-HV.

Lokhu ngu-1 kwezindlela zokusebenza zokuthi i-Dyn11 transformers zingasebenza kumandla okuphakathi okunako izindlela zokusebenza ezingavamile.

Kodwa i-Dyn11 transformer ayikwazi ukususa konke ukuguqula kwezindlela zokugcina.

Amaharmoniki e-5, e-7, e-11, kanye nezinye ezingakwazi ukuphinda kabusha kungabikho ngokuphambuka kwe-transformer. Amadatha amaharmoniki okukhanya kusuka emaphakathini angakhuthaza futhi ukuphakama kwemithambo yokuqala.

Kuma-installation ezenza izinkampani zokusebenzisa izinto ezingavamile, abasebenzi bayaqondwa ukuthi kubalulekile ukubhekisa i-Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), ispekthram yamadatha amaharmoniki, imithambo yokuqala eyengeziwe, ukuphakama kwesikhathi, kanye nokukhetha ukubeka kwe-conductor yezinkampani zokugcina.

Ukuxhumana kwe-Dyn11 kukhona njengendlela yokuthintana, kodwa akakhiphe ukubhekisa kwezinhlobo zamadatha amaharmoniki noma izinkampani zokuthintana zokuphakama kwezinhlobo zamadatha amaharmoniki uma kudingeka.

2.3 Izinhlobo Zokuthintana Zokugcina Zokugcina Ngokuphelele Kukuthintana Kwemithambo Yokuqala

Ukuthintana kwemithambo yokuqala kuyisifundo esibalulekile kubantu nokuthintana kwemithambo yokuqala.

Xa kufika umphumela wokugcina wokugcina kwe-network yezinkampani zokusebenzisa izinto ezingavamile, umphumela wokugcina uyiphakathi yomkhondo wokugcina wokugcina.

Lokhu kufaka kumisela ukuguqulwa kwe-impedansi yomshini wokuguqula, ukugxilwa kwesikhundla sokugxila, ukuguqulwa kwe-impedansi yemiswakhiwo, izinkambiso zezinqamuzi, nokuseto kwezixhumanisi zokulondoloza.

Kwemshini wokuguqula e-Dyn11 nesikhundla sokugxila esihlukene ngokuphelele, umshini wokuguqula we-HV wesitsha singasiza ekusungulweni kwemithambo yezinkamuzi zokugxila ngaphandle kwezinkamuzi.

Lokhu kuseto kuncedisa kakhulu ukubala kwezinkamuzi zokugxila ngaphansi kokubala kwezinkamuzi zokugxila.

Kungani Lokhu Kubalulekile Kukulondoloza Kwemithambo

Umthambo wokugxila okuhlanganisekile ungasiza izixhumanisi zokulondoloza ukuthola nokususa izinkamuzi ngexesha lokususa elibalulekile.

Kodwa, ukuguqulwa okuncane kwe-impedansi yezinkamuzi akakwazi ukunika ukusebenza kwe-circuit-breaker ngokushesha ngokuzenzakale.

Aba-engineer bemitambo bayofuna ukubonisa:

• Ukuguqulwa okuncane kwezinkamuzi zokugxila

• Ukuguqulwa okuphelele kwezinkamuzi zokugxila

• Izinkambiso zokusebenza kwe-circuit-breaker ne-fuse

• Ukukhetha ukuthinteka kwezinkinga zokuhlinzekwa nokulungiselela

• Ukubeka kwesikhundla sokugqibela kwesistimu

• Ukuhlenga kwesikhundla sokugqibela kwesistimu kwezinkinga zokuhlenga kwesikhundla sokugqibela

Ngakho-ke, isikhundla sokugqibela sesistimu kufanele sifanane nendlela yokulungiselela yezinkinga zokuhlinzekwa zasekhaya.

2.4 Ukuthinteka Okwengeziwe Kwezinkinga Zokuhlenga Kwesikhundla Sokugqibela

Ukusebenza kwesikhundla sokugqibela kuchazwa ngokubeka kwamaphathi, ukwakha kwesikhundla sokugqibela, uvoltage lokusebenza, nokuthinteka kwezinkinga.

Kweminye imiphumela yokuqondana, izinkinga zokuhlenga kwesikhundla sokugqibela zingahamba ngemilonga engafanayo kunezinkinga zokuhlenga kwesikhundla sokugqibela zokusebenza kwezinkambo ezintathu.

Kweminye imiphumela yokuqondana yezinkambo zokuhlenga kwesikhundla sokugqibela, lezi zizingenisa ukuthinteka okungafanele kwevoltage, izinkinga ezingaphezulu, noma ukuthinteka kwezinkinga ezikhiphile.

Ukubeka kwesikhundla sokugqibela kwe-Dyn11 kusinika umlando wokuphatha amaqhina okuthinteka okuzimele okunakukhangelisa izinkinga zokuhlenga kwesikhundla sokugqibela zokuhlenga kwesikhundla sokugqibela.

Lokhu kunakukhangelisa ukusebenza kwesikhundla sokugqibela kwezinkinga zokuhlenga kwesikhundla sokugqibela zokuhlenga kwesikhundla sokugqibela.

Kodwa ukugcina kwe-magnet, isitha sokusho, nokukhula kwesikhungo sokuvimbela kufuneka kubhekwe ngokulinganisa kwe-voltage, ifrekhwensi, izinkulungwane zemithambo, amaharmoniki, nokuthanda.

Ukufuna ukubaluleka kwezinkinga zokudala, abathengi beshiyelethi kufuneka bahlale bavumelane nezidingo zokuphatha kwezindlela zokusebenza kwezinto zokuzimela nezindlela zokuhlanza ngokuphelele, kungakho kuphela ukubaluleka kwe-vector group.

3. Dyn11 vs Yyn0: Ukuchaza kwezinto zokusebenza

Ukujabulisa ukuthi kunezihlukaniswa phakathi kwe-Dyn11 no-Yyn0 kusiza abasayensi ukukhetha ishiyelethi esifanele kwezindlela zokusawula.

Amanqaku Amatekwentika	Dyn11 Transformer	Yyn0 Transformer
Ukuxhuma kwe-HV Winding	Delta (Δ)	Star (Y)
Ukuxhuma kwe-LV Winding	Star with Neutral	Star with Neutral
Ukuguqula Iphaze	Amalethi e-LV ayiguqula amalethi e-HV ngama-30°	0°
Ukunika Kwamathathu-Amaphaze Nokunika Kwamane-Ngolwandle	Kusebenzeka	Kusebenzeka
Ukusebenza Kwezinhlobo Zokulwa Ezihlukene	Kubalulekile kakhulu ngokwesikhathi sokuguqula phakathi kwe-Delta	Kubalulekile kakhulu ngokwesikhathi sokugcina nokudesigna kwe-Core
Ukusebenza Kwe-Triplen Harmonic	Kunika umkhondo wokuguqula phakathi	Akukho mkhondo wokuguqula phakathi wokwesibonelo
Izinkulungwane Zokunika Ngokuzero	Kwazikhona kakhulu kubunye ubunzima be- LV obuhlakazekile	Iyaphendula kakhulu kubunzima be- grounding nezindlela zokwakha
Ukulondoloza okuphambana ngezinye izindawo	Iyavumela izindlela zokugcina amandla okufa	Iyadinga ukuchaza kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo zomkhakha
Ukusebenzisa Ngokupheleleyo	Iyafanele ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo zokuphinda-phinda ezifanayo	Ayikwazi ukuphinda-phinda ngqo ne-Dyn11
Izisekelo zokusebenza	Emasimini, Emizipakhi, Ukuthumela Kwemithombo	Kukhethwe ukuthumela nokusebenza kwezinye izinhlobo

Li-Dyn11 yilokhu okuhle kangaka kulokho okungafanele ku-Yyn0?

Akukho lutho lokhu.

I-Dyn11 iyilokhu elihle kakhulu kubunye ubunzima be- MV kuye ku-LV, ikakhulukazi lapha kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezinkampani zokusebenza ngokwesibili futhi inzuzo yomkhakha we-LV iyahlakazekile.

Kodwa, i-Yyn0 ingayisafana kakhulu kumasevisi apho ukulayisha kuyisilinganisi noma emisebenzini esithandekileyo ngokupheleleyo kubantu ababili.

Amaphakathi amanye, akhuluma i-Yzn11, i-Dyn1, ne-YNd11, angachazwa futhi ngokwesifunda sezinsizakalo zokugcina, izindlela zokugcina, nokuthintana kwezinkambo zezinsizakalo zokugcina.

Iphakathi elihle kakhulu yilokho okufanele ngokwesifundo sezinsizakalo zokugcina, akungelokho okuchazwa kakhulu kuphela.

4. Amasevisi amahle ase-Dyn11 ase-distribution

4.1 Izindawo zokucharga i-EV ngokushesha

Ukuthengisa i-EV kudinga ukuthengisa kwemvelo, isivinini sokuthengisa, nokuthengisa kwezinsizakalo zokugcina.

Amasistimu ase-DC ase-high-power achaza amakonvetha aselektroniki angathola amaqhina aseharmonics ekusistimini yokugcina.

Amatransformer ase-Dyn11 angathola isikhundla esihle sokuthengisa kwezinsizakalo zokugcina ezingcwele, esithengisa izinto zokucharga i-EV.

Kodwa, ukusebenzisa kwe-harmonic kufanele kubhekwe ngokwesikhundla sokucharga nokuthi yisiphi isimo sokusebenza esihlukile.

4.2 Amathuba okuphatha amandla we-solar PV nezinkampani zokugcina amandla emibanku

Amathuba okuphatha amandla we-solar photovoltaic nezinkampani zokugcina amandla emibanku ziyabika izinkinga eziningi ekhetheni izitrafomha.

Lezi zingqalela ukusuka kuma-loads ezingaphambili, izimo zokusebenza ezihlukene, izinkinga zokugcina, nokuthi izinhlanganisi ziyadala izinhlanganisi zokusebenza kwe-harmonic.

Izitrafomha ze-Dyn11 zingasebenza kakhulu kwezinkampani zokugcina amandla nezinkampani ezithile zokugcina amandla kwezindlela zokuphatha amandla ezinkampani zokuphatha amandla.

Kuzo izitrafomha zokuphatha amandla zezinhlanganisi, isikhundla sokuhlanganisa kufanele sikhethwe ngokwesikhundla sokuhlanganisa, isikhundla sokugcina, isikhundla sokulungisa, nokuthi kuyakwazi ukubambisana nesikhundla sokuphatha amandla.

4.3 Izinkampani zokugcina amandla nezinkampani zokusebenza kwezindlu

Izinkampani zokugcina amandla nezinkampani zokusebenza kwezindlu zisebenza ngokuhlukanisa izinto zokusebenza zokuphatha amandla ezintathu nezinye.

Lokhu kungase kufaka imithombo ye-UPS, izinkampani zemisweli, ukubeka umhlabathi, izinhlobo zemikhumbi yezindawo zokusebenza, nokuthenga izinkampani zokuphatha izindawo.

Amathransfomha ase-Dyn11 akwazi ukusiza emakhaya okugcina amathuba ezinga lika-3, nezinhlobo zokugcina ezine-wire nesikhundla sokugcina esihlukileyo sokuqala.

Kulokho okwenziwa ngabafundi bokusha izindawo zokugcina izinto, kufanele bahlale bavumela amandla okugcina, ukugcina kwe-harmonic, ukuphatha kwe-redundancy, ukuphatha kwe-short-circuit, nokuphatha kwezinhlobo zokugcina zezindawo.

4.4 Izindawo zokuphatha izinto zokuzilahla

Izindawo zokuzilahla zizokwenzela izinhlobo zokuzilahla, izinhlobo zokuzilahla zokuzilahla, izinhlobo zokuzilahla zokuzilahla, nokuzilahla kwezinhlobo zokuzilahla zokuzilahla.

Amathransfomha ase-Dyn11 akwazi ukunika izinhlobo zokuzilahla ezinconywa kwezindawo zokuzilahla zokugcina izinhlobo zokuzilahla.

Ukubeka kwabo kuyisisekelo esinconywa kakhulu lapho kufanele kubekwe isikhundla sokugcina esihlukileyo futhi kufanele kubekwe izinhlobo zokuzilahla zokuzilahla nezinhlobo zokuzilahla zokuzilahla.

Ukukhetha kwamathransfomha kufanele kube ngezinye izinhlobo zokuzilahla, ukugcina kwe-harmonic, ukuguqula kwamandla, nokuphatha kwezinhlobo zokuzilahla.

5. Ukukhetha I-Transformer Yokudistributeka Yokwesibonelo Dyn11

Ukukhetha i-transformer yokwesibonelo Dyn11 ayikho kuphela ukubhalwa kwe-vector group.

Abaprojekthi bokudala, abengenieri bokusebenza kwezindawo zokusebenza, nabamanageri bakuphatha kufanele bahlalele izindlela zokusebenza zokugcina ngaphambi kokuthenga izinkampani.

5.1 Qiniseka I-Voltage Ebalulekile Nokukhula Kwe-Transformer

I-voltage yezinkampani kufanele ibe yisibonelo sezinhlobo zokusebenza zokudla emhlabeni phakathi nezinhlobo zokudistributeka zokusebenza emhlabeni phansi.

Izinhlobo zokusebenza eziphikisana kungenzeka kuzoba:

I-Voltage Yezinkampani	Isilinganiso Sesho
10/0.4 kV Dyn11	Ukudistributeka Kwemithombo Nezindawo Zokusebenza
11/0.415 kV Dyn11	Ukuthengisa kwezindustria nezinkampani zokusebenzisa i-energi
20/0.4 kV Dyn11	Ukuthengisa kwe-MV/LV kwezikhathi zezinsizakwane
33/0.415 kV Dyn11	Amaprojekthi ethengisa okukhethekileyo yezindustria nezinkampani zokubeka izinkampani

Lezi ziquketho ziyizindlela zokuchaza kuphela. Amathembu amangalwa ayiphatha ngokwesifundo sasekhaya nesifundo seprojekthi.

Isilinganiso sesimo sezithengisa kufanele sibhalwe ngokwesilinganiso sesifundazwe sokuphakama kwesifundazwe sokuphakama, ukuvutha kwezimali, imizimba yezinsizakwane, ukuthengisa kwezihlangothi, nokusebenza kwezinkampani.

5.2 Bheka Ukuthengisa Kwesikhathi Sokugcina

Ukuthengisa kwezithengisa kuyaphatha ngqo isifundazwe sokugcina kwezikhathi nesilinganiso sesifundazwe sokuphakama.

Ukuthengisa okungafanele kancane kungahlela kumakhulu okugcina kwezikhathi, futhi ukuthengisa okungafanele kakhulu kungahlela kumakhulu okuphakama okungafanele kuzokusebenza.

Ukubhalwa kwe-impedance kufanele kuhlanganise nezinkampani zokugcina ezincane, amakhabelo, izinkampani zokulondoloza, nokudesigna kwesikhathi sokugcina kwemithambo.

5.3 Hlola Ukulayisha Kwamaharmoniki Nokuphakama Kwezintemperatura

Kumaqondo okwenzeka ngamakhadi amaningi we-VFDs, amarektifaya, izinhlangano ze-UPS, namanye amaqondo awenziwe ngokungafanani, ukusebenza kwesikhathi sokugcina kufanele kubhekwe kabanzi.

Amadhlula we-harmoniki angakwakha amadhlula wokugcina amakhadi nemadhlula awengafanani, okungangahlela ekuphakameni kwezintemperatura nokuphila kwezinkampani zokulondoloza.

Izisombululo zesayensi kufanele zibhale izimo ezipheleleyo zokulayisha kwe-harmoniki kanye nezidingo zokudesigna kwezintemperatura eziningi.

5.4 Qinisa Izinkinga Zokugcina Nokunyelela

Isikhundla sesi-neutral esingasindiswa akasiza ngokuzenzakalela ukuthi isimo sokugcina sithi siphakathi.

Umthwali wesayensi ufanele ukuvumela isimo sokugcina esisebenzayo futhi uqinise ukuthi izinkinga zokulondoloza ziyisodwa.

Kusetyenziswa kwezinhlobo zezihlakani zokugcina zezihlakani zemithambo emnye, njengezinhlobo ze-TN, TT, ne-IT, kufuneka kubhekwe izindlela zokulondoloza ngokuhluke.

5.5 Hlola Ukuthi Kuyasebenza Ngokuphelele Ngezinhlobo Zesikhumba Esizayo

Xa kushintshwa isikhumba esisodwa noma kusukelwa umkhakha wokugcina, abalungisi bokugcina kufanele bahlole:

• Uhlu lwesikhumba nokuguqula umgomo

• Umphumela wokugqoka

• Umgomo wokugcina

• Izindawo zokugcina

• Ukungabikho komthwalo wokuxhuma

• Izinkokhelo zokugcina

• Ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele nokulondoloza

Amasikhumba amabili ane-ampere efanayo kungafanele ukusebenza ngokuzimisa ngokwesibonelo.

6. Li-Dyn11 izitrafomakheli zinakwazi ukusebenza ngokufanana?

Yebo. Izitrafomakheli ze-Dyn11 zinakwazi ukusebenza ngokufanana uma izindlela zokuhlanganisa ezibalulekileyo ziyafani.

Izinqumo ezingaphambili zivame ukufana nezinkampani zezikhathi, isilinganiso sezikhathi, izinkampani zezivinini, nokuthi izinkampani zezivinini zezibhodi zokugcina ziyafani.

Isibonelo, i-Dyn11 ne-Dyn1 zinabahlanisi bezikhathi ezingama-60°.

Ukuhlanganisa lezi zitrafomakheli ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokufanana kwe-busbar ingasenza amandla okuhlanganisa amaningi futhi ayisindelela izinkampani zezivinini.

Ngakho-ke, kufanele ubheke imibhalo yezitrafomakheli, iziphakamiso zezintu zokusebenza, nezimboni zezizifundo zokuphatha kabusha ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa izitrafomakheli ezingaphansi kwe-distribution network.

7. IZIMBONI ZE-IEC ZE-DYN11 DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS

IEC 60076-1 inasemthethweni izinqumo ezibalulekileyo zezitrafomakheli, kubandakanya izibhodi zokuhlanganisa, iziphakamiso zezintu zokusebenza, nezinqumo zezinye.

Imibhalo engaphandle kwe-IEC ezingcono zihlanganisa ukuphakama kwezintemperatura, ukusebenza kwesinsimbi, ubukhulu bokugcina phakathi kokugqibela komkhumbuzi, nokwakha kwezindawo zomkhumbuzi we-dry-type.

Imibhalo ye-IEC	Isifundo Sesayensi Esikhulu
IEC 60076-1	Amakhumbuzi Wezimali – Imiphumela Yonke
IEC 60076-2	Ukuphakama kwezinkulungwane zokusebenza ngemithambo yezinkulungwane
IEC 60076-3	Amahlaka Wesinsimbi Nokuzivocavoca Kwezimali
IEC 60076-5	Ukuqinisa ukuthi kubhekiselela ukugcina kwesikhathi esinye sokugcina
IEC 60076-11	Amakhumbuzi Wezimali We-dry-Type

Kufanele ukubonakaliswa ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokulingana nendlela yokwakha kwe-mkhumbuzi neziraporti zokuzivocavoca.

Kuma-projekthi emazweni amaningi, imibhalo yezindawo, iziphakamiso zezindlela zokusebenza, nezibhalo zokugcina kwe-grid zingadinga ukuthi zisebenze futhi.

8. Ukwenza Kwemakhumbuzi Ye-Dyn11 Nokuhlelwa Ngokwesifundo ngu-Dingxin Electric

Ukukhetha umthengisi wamaphutha okuphelele kungafana nomkhombiso wezinkulungwane zokufunda izinto ezihlukene.

Amathuba okukhishwa, ubunzima bezobugcina, ukuziphatha kwezinhlobo zezinto, ukubonakalisa izinhlobo, ukuguqula izinhlobo, nokuhlela imithombo yezindawo ziyizinto eziphambili ekusebenzeni kwamaphutha ngemva kwezinsuku eziningi.

Jiangsu Dingxin Electric ngumthengisi wamaphutha okuphelele oneminyaka emiyane emithathu nezinye, esinika izisombululo sezinhlobo zezinhlobo zokusebenza kwezindawo zokusebenza, kwezindawo zokusebenza, kwezindawo zokusebenza, nokwezindawo zokusebenza.

Dingxin Electric isikhishwa kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo nezinhlobo zokusakaza amandla, kufaka:

• Amathransifomaya okugcina amandla okwesinye isikhathi okuphakathi kwamanzi

• Amathransifomaya okugcina amandla okwesinye isikhathi engaphakathi kwamanzi

• Amathransifomaya okugcina amandla okwesinye isikhathi okuphakathi kwemithombo

• Amathransifomaya okugcina amandla okwesinye isikhathi okuphakathi kwamanzi

• Amaphoyisa Okugcina Kwezindawo

• Amathransifomaya okugcina amandla okwesinye isikhathi okuphakathi kwemithombo yokuqala

Kumaqembu osebenzayo okufuna i-Dyn11 noma izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezinye, abasebenzi bangakhitha izimpendulo zabo zokuziphatha kwezinhlobo futhi bavakhe izisombululo zokusebenza kwezinhlobo.

Izinhlobo Ezibalulekile Zokufuna Ukuthola i-Dyn11 Transformer

Ukucaciswa	Izimpendulo Ezidingekayo
Uhlobo lomthethi	Okuphakathi Kwamanzi noma Okungaphakathi Kwamanzi
Indlela eyenziwe	kVA noma MVA
Izivale Zokuphakathi Noma Zokungaphakathi Kwamanzi	Ukuvamisa Kwakugcina Nokwesibili Kwevoltage
Iqembu Lelivhela	Dyn11 noma Imicimbi Yomsebenzi
Isikhathu sokuqala	50 Hz noma 60 Hz
Ukungabikho komthwalo wokuxhuma	Isilinganiso noma Imicimbi Yomsebenzi
Umsebenzi wokulingana	Ukubeka Kwesikhathi Sokuhlanya
Isikhundla Sokugcina	Ukuvamisa Kwesivumelwano Sokuvamisa Voltage
Ukufakwa	Ngaphakathi, Ngaphandle, Ngaphezulu Komphakathi, noma Esibhakabhakeni
Amavini echanekanga	IEC, IEEE, ANSI, noma Imicimbi Yomkhawuli Wokusebenza
Imicimbi Eningi	Amaharmoniki, Ukungafani Kwesilimi, Isikhati Sekhanda, noma Imicimbi Elinge

Ukunikeza Amasiphekhi Wokusebenza Okuphelele Akuvumela Umthengisi Ukuzifunda Imicimbi Yokusebenza, Ukubona Imicimbi Yokudesign, Futhi Ukwenza Isibonelo Esifanele.

9. Imibuzo Ebalulekileyo Ngokukhuluma Ngezithombe zika-Dyn11

Imibuzo 1. Ubudlelwano be-Dyn11 kuthombe kuyisiphi?

I-Dyn11 yisigaba sevector sethombe apho umkhawulo wokuphakama kwenziwe ngokwesikhephe (delta) futhi umkhawulo wokuphansi kwenziwe ngokwesistayela (star) nesikhundla sesi-Neutral esiyakwazi ukufinyelela kulo. Inombolo ye-11 ibonisa ukuthi umkhawulo wokuphansi uphakamise umkhawulo wokuphakama ngama-30° ngokwesifundo se-IEC clock.

Imibuzo 2. Kungani i-Dyn11 isetshenziswa kakhulu kwezithombe zokugcina?

I-Dyn11 isetshenziswa kakhulu ngoba umkhawulo wokuphansi wesistayela unikeza isikhundla sesi-Neutral sokugcina esisemithathu, esine-amaphuzu, futhi umkhawulo wokuphakama wesikhephe unikeza izindlela zokubuyela kwe-zero-sequence nezinye izimboni zezinhlobo zezihlangothi zokuphakama.

Imibuzo 3. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-Dyn11 ne-Yyn0 kuthombe kuyisiphi?

Dyn11 iyasebenzisa umugqa we-HV othandakileyo futhi umugqa we-LV owenziwe ngokwesithembiso, noma kuyisikhathi sokuguqula phakathi kwezinye izikhathi zokuguqula ngokuphakeme 30°. Yyn0 iyasebenzisa izikhathi zokwesithembiso ezimbili ngaphakathi kwezinye izikhathi zokuguqula ngokuphakeme 0°. Ukusebenza kwazo kwe-zero-sequence, izinkulungwane zokugcina, nokusebenza kumaqondo okungafanani kwezimali zokufaka kungahlinzeki.

Umbuzo woku-4. Kuphi okuhle kakhulu, i-Dyn11 noma i-Dyn1?

I-Dyn11 ne-Dyn1 ziyasebenzisa izikhathi zokwesithembiso zezindilinga zokuthandakileyo-nezithembiso, kodwa zihlinzeki ngokuphakeme kwezikhathi zokuguqula. I-Dyn11 inokuphakama kwezikhathi zokuguqula ngokuphakeme 30° kwe-LV, futhi i-Dyn1 inokuphakama kwezikhathi zokuguqula ngokuphakeme 30° kwe-LV. Umkhawulo owodwa uyaphenduka ngokubonakalayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcina, izindlela zokusebenza zomthombo wokusebenza, nokunqamuka kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcina.

Umbuzo woku-5. Ingaba i-Dyn11 ingasebenzisa izimali zokufaka ezingafanani ngokuphelele?

Izitransfomha ze-Dyn11 zingasebenzisa ngokuhle kumaqondo okungafanani kwezimali zokufaka, kodwa akukho ukuthi kungasebenzisa ngokuphelele kwezimali zokufaka okungafanani. Ukuthi kungasebenzisa ngokuphelele kuyaphenduka ngokubonakalayo kwezinhlelo zokuthandakileyo, isivinini sokugcina, ukusebenza kwesikhathi sokugcina, nokuthi kungasemthombeni.

Umbuzo woku-6. Ingaba i-Dyn11 ithintela izihlangothi zesithathu?

Ukubhala kwe-delta kusinika indlela yokubhala ngaphakathi yokubhala kwe-harmonics ezithile, okunika ukunciphisa ukuthi kubhalwe njengamandla we-zero-sequence kuma-HV lines okuphambili. Kodwa, i-Dyn11 ayikubhekise konke amaharmonics, futhi amandla okubhala ngaphakathi angakhuthaza ukuthi isithuthi sibheke isithuthi sokugqamisa.

Umbuzo 7. Ingaba i-Dyn11 ne-Yyn0 zingasebenza ngokufanana?

I-Dyn11 ne-Yyn0 ayikwazi ukubhalwa ngokufanana kumabhasibhodi ethile ngoba zinamathuba amabili okubhala ngokuhamba kwe-phase. Ukubhala ngokufanana kungasiza ukuthi kubheke isithuthi sokugqamisa okuvulayo uma akukho ukubhala kwe-phase okwenziwe ngokuphelele.

Umbuzo 8. Ingaba i-Dyn11 iyisifundo sokusebenza ngokufanele kwezinhlayiya ze-solar PV ne-BESS?

Yebo. I-Dyn11 lingasebenza kubizomabizo okuncane okanye okwesikhundla esingasemthwakathini noma kubizomabizo emaphethini okwezinkampani zokugcina imithwakathi yezibalo nezinkampani zokugcina imithwakathi yezibalo. Kodwa, isigaba sokuthi isithunywa se-transformer sokufaka i-inverter kufanele sikhethwe ngokuzimela kwezinkinga zokugcina, isimo sokufaka i-inverter, ukulungiselela ukuphatha kwezinkinga zokugcina, nokufakwa kwezinkinga zokugcina kwezinkampani zokusebenza.

Umbuzo 9. I-Dyn11 lingasebenza kubizomabizo emaphethini?

I-Dyn11 iyindlela efanele kubizomabizo emaphethini amaningi ekuthi kufanele kubekho umkhakha wokugcina wokugcina kwezibalo futhi kubekho izinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlobo zokusebenza: izinhlobo zokusebenza ngokugcina kwezibalo futhi izinhlobo zokusebenza ngokugcina kwezibalo. Abalimi bafanele bahlale bavumela izinkinga zokusebenza kwe-UPS, izinkinga zokusebenza kwezibalo, ukuphatha kwezinkinga zokusebenza, ukuphatha kwezinkinga zokusebenza, nokuphatha kwezinkinga zokusebenza.

Umbuzo 10. I-Dyn11 iyindlela yokuqondisa kwe-IEC noma kwe-IEEE?

Dyn11 yisigaba sesiqondiso sezivektho esibonisa ukugxilwa kwe-IEC nokubhalwa ngokwesikhala. Imithombo ye-IEEE ibhekisele kwezinkampani zezivektho zokugxilwa kwe-delta-wye, kodwa kufanele kubonakaliswe ngokuphelele ukugxilwa kwemithambo nekuthintana kwezikhathi. Akukho nzima yokuthi yonke imithambo yezivektho zokugxilwa kwe-delta-wye iyafanana ngokuzenzakalelayo ne-Dyn11 yase-IEC.

Umbuzo 11. Impilo yezero-sequence impedance yezivektho zika-Dyn11 yini?

Akukho impilo yezero-sequence impedance eyisodwa yonke yezivektho zika-Dyn11. Iyaphendula kumthambo wokwakha, ukwakha kwemphakathi, izindlela zokuphuma kwemithambo yezivektho, nokugxilwa kwemithambo. Abaprofesi bezimboni kufanele bavule impilo yezivektho yezimpilo zokugxilwa kusuka kumthengisi ukuze bawusebenzise ekuvikeleni nokubala izinkinga.

Umbuzo 12. Kungasetyenziswa i-Dyn11 kuzivektho zokugxilwa zokushiswa ngezinkabi nezivektho zokugxilwa ezingafihliki?

Yebo. I-Dyn11 ibonisa ukugxilwa kwezivektho zomthambo nokuthintana kwezikhathi, akubonisi ukugxilwa kwezinkabi noma ukugxilwa kwezivektho. Kungasetyenziswa kuzivektho zokugxilwa zokushiswa ngezinkabi nezivektho zokugxilwa ezingafihliki, uma ziyakhiwa ngokufanele.

Umbuzo woku-13. Iyiphi indawo yokuqondisa yomkhakha we-Dyn11 wokuhambisa amandla?

Amakhakha we-Dyn11 ayatholakala ngamaphuzu amaningi okukhakha kusuka kuma-network yokuhambisa amandla. Izithombiso zezinto eziphezulu ziyiziqu zokuthi 10/0.4 kV, 11/0.415 kV, ne-20/0.4 kV. Amakhakha okukhakha okuphezulu kwe-primary ayatholakala futhi kusukela eminyakeni yokuqondisa nokufuna kwe-utility.

Umbuzo woku-14. Ngini ngokuchaza umkhakha we-Dyn11 owethembekile?

Kulokhu okuyisikhetho somkhakha, bheka ubunzima bekho lokusebenza kwe-engineering, izindlela zokwenza ezisebenzayo, izicabango zokusebenza, ukwazi ukubhola, izinkhetho zokwenza ngokwezinye izinto, nokuthuthukisa isebenza emuva kokuthengiswa. Umkhakha kufanele akhombise ukubona i-voltage eyalithemba, i-capacity, i-impedance, ukugxilwa, nokufuna kwesicelo phambi kokugcina isicelo sokumkhakha.

Isiphetho: Ukukhetha i-Vector Group esihle kusukela kwezindawo zokuhambisa amandla kwezinsuku zezinsuku

I-Dyn11 ibecoshwa njengomkhakha we-vector othandwayo kakhulu kumanyeki wezindawo zokuhambisa amandla kwe-medium-voltage ne-low-voltage kwezinsuku zezinsuku.

Ukubhekana kwe-delta kwezindawo zokuphakama nokubhekana kwe-star kwezindawo ezincane nesikhundla sokungena esibonakalayo sokungena kusenziwa ngokulula kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingamashumi amane, ezintathu.

Lezi zinhlaka zihlanganisa ukusebenza okuhle ngemizamo yezinhlelo ezingavamile, ukugcina kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuphakama kwe-triplen, nokuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza zokungena kwe-zero-sequence zingasiza kwezinhlelo zokulinda ukungena kwamanzi zokufakwa kwezinkundla.

Kodwa, i-Dyn11 ayikwazi ukubhekwa njengokulinga kakhulu kunezinye zonke izigaba zokubhekana kwezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Ukukhetha okugcwele kufanele kubhekise isimo sezinhlelo zokusebenza, ubukhulu bekwezinhlelo zokusebenza, ukuphakama kwezinhlelo zokusebenza, izinkinga zokufakwa kwezinkundla, izinkinga zokufakwa kwezinkundla, ukuphakama kwezinhlelo zokusebenza, ukulwandela kwezinhlelo zokulinda, nokuthi izinkinga zokusebenza kwezinkundla zokusebenza.

Kubasebenzi be-EPC, abasayensi bokusebenza, abasayensi bokusebenza kwezinkundla, nabasebenzi bokuthenga kwezinhlelo zokusebenza, ukukhetha izigaba zokubhekana zokulinga kuyindlela eyisisekelo yokwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza zokusebenza ngokulinga nokusebenza ngokulinga.

Qhathazisa i-Dyn11 Distribution Transformer eyakhiwe ngokuhambisana nezidingo ku-Dingxin Electric

Uyabafuna i-oil-immersed distribution transformer, i-dry-type transformer, noma i-Dyn11 transformer eyakhiwe ngokuhambisana nezidingo kumsebenzi wakho wokugcina umthelela wezimali?

Ngaphezu kwezinsuku zeminyaka engu-30 zokwenza i-transformer, i-Jiangsu Dingxin Electric inikeza iziphumo zesithuthi sezimali kumasebenzi amahle, kuma-utility, kanye namaphuzu esikhundleni.

Ithimba lethu liyakubona iziphakamiso sakho sesithuthi, kufuneka kuboneke i-capacity yethransformer, i-voltage ratings, i-vector group, i-short-circuit impedance, izimo zokufaka, kanye nezistandadi zezibalo zokusebenza.

Xhuma i-Dingxin Electric manje ukuhathazisa iziphakamiso zesithuthi se-transformer, ukuxhuma kwe-engineering, noma isicelo sokukhokha ngokuhambisana nezidingo.

Isayithi: https://global.dingxinelectric.com/