Ukuthi I-Transformer Impedance Inetha Kanjani Kukhokho Kwamandla?

I-impedance ye-transformer iyisici esibalulekile sikagesi esithinta ukulawulwa kwe-voltage, ukufushane kwamanje, nokusebenza kohlelo lokusabalalisa amandla. Lapho kukhethwa umguquli wokusabalalisa, onjiniyela nabathengi bephrojekthi kufanele bacabangele ukungasebenzi kahle komthamo, isilinganiso sevolthi, izici zomthwalo nezidingo zokuvikela.

Ukuqonda ukungalingani kwe-transformer kusiza izinsiza-kuhle, izakhiwo zezimboni, kanye nosonkontileka be-EPC ukuba bakhethe imishini efanele futhi bahlanganise izinhlelo zikagesi ezisezansi.

1. ukuhlaziywa Kuyini Ukumelana Kwe-Transformer?

I-impedance ye-transformer ingumphumela ohlangene wokumelana nokuvuza kwe-reactance ku-transformer. Ibonisa ukuphikisana nokugeleza kwamanje okuguqukayo ngaphakathi kwama-windings e-transformer futhi ngokuvamile kuvezwa njengephesenti le-voltage ebekiwe.

Iphesenti lokuphambana, elivame ukubhalwa ngokuthi %Z, ingenye yamapharamitha abalulekile aboniswe eplatifomu ye-transformer noma ishidi lemininingwane yobuchwepheshe.

Isibonelo, isitrafomha esine-impedansi yama-4% sifuna ukuthi kubhekwe kwezinkambo zokufakwa kwayo ezingama-4% ukuze kubhekwe ukugcina kwakhe okufanele uma isibhakabhaka sesibili sikhutshazwa ngokufanayo ngezindlela zokuzimisa ezithile.

Kwemithombo yezitrafomha emfanekisweni, impendulo yokuqiniseka kuyisisekelo sokuthi isitrafomha siphindele kanjani ekuguqulwa kwezimali nezinkinga zokugcina kwesikhathi.

2. Yini lo mlando TRANSFORMER Impendulo yokuqiniseka?

Impendulo yokuqiniseka iyasho impendulo yositrafomha ngokulingana nokufakwa kwayo okufanele.

Ukuxhaswa okuphansi kuyisibonelo sokuxhaswa:

Impendulo yokuqiniseka (%Z) = (Ukufakwa kwezimpendulo ÷ Ukufakwa okufanele) × 100%

Ukufakwa kwezimpendulo kutholwa ngokuzimisa impendulo yositrafomha ngokukhutshazwa kwesibhakabhaka. Lokhu kuzimiswa kwenziwa ngokuthi isibhakabhaka esinye sikhutshazwa futhi ukufakwa okuphansi kufakwa kwisebili, kusukela ukuthi ukugcina okufanele kubhekwe, ngokufanayo ngezindlela zokuzimisa ezithile.

Isilinganiso esincane sesiwe sikhundla kusukela ekutheni kusiza ukuba kubhaleke kakhulu ukugcina kwesikhundla sokufa ngokupheleleyo ngokulinganisa isilinganiso sokuthi i-transformer yasebenza kanye nezimo zokusebenza kwezinhlangano.

Ukugcina kwesikhundla sokufa kusho kakhulu kuyaphendula kusukela kusilinganiso sokuthi kwezinhlangano zezinsuka, isilinganiso sokuthi sezinkambo, kanye nezinye izinkambo eziqondwa.

3. Isiwe sokuqondisa i-Transformer Sisiphakathi Sokugcina Kwezinhlangano?

3.1 Ukuhlaziya Kwesilinganiso Sokuthi Kuhlanganisa Ukuguqula Kwesilinganiso Sokuthi

Isiwe sokuqondisa i-transformer sisebenza njengokuthi kubhekana nokuguqula kwesilinganiso phakathi kwezinyangoma zokuphatha kanye nezinyangoma zokuphatha uma i-transformer iyasebenza ngokuphatha.

Ngokuphatha kwezinhlangano kuzoba kakhulu, ukuguqula kwesilinganiso sokuthi kwe-transformer kuzoba kakhulu. Isilinganiso sokuguqula kwezilinganiso kusho kakhulu kuyaphendula kusukela kusilinganiso sokuthi kwezinhlangano.

Kwizinhlangano zokugcina, abahleli bafuna ukubona ukuguqula kwesilinganiso kwezinhlangano zokusebenza kakhulu kunezinhlangano zokungasebenzi kwezinyangoma zokuphatha.

Itransforma enenziqondile yokungafanele kwe-impedance ingasebenza ekuthi kubhekwe ukuguqula kwesikhathi sokuvaleka kwe-voltage, ikakhulu eminye yezindawo ezinamandla amaningi okusebenzisa noma emizini yezindlela zokuhambisa ezingaphezulu.

3.2 Ukuhlanya kwe-Short-Circuit Current

I-impedance yomshini wokuguqula iyahlukene ngokugcwele nesikhathi sokuvaleka kwe-short-circuit esikwenzekayo emaphakathini wemshini wokuguqula.

Kusuka kumshini wokuguqula owodwa ngokuphelele, othunyelwa ngu-source engu-‘infinite-capacity’, isikhathi sokuvaleka kwe-short-circuit esisodwa ngokuphelele kusukela kwe-voltage esitholakalayo singahulwa njengoko landelayo:

Isikhathi Sokuvaleka Kwe-Short-Circuit ≈ Isikhathi Sokurhweba × (100 ÷ %Z)

Umzekelo, uma i-impedance yomshini wokuguqula ibe yi-4%, isikhathi sokuvaleka kwe-short-circuit esodwa ngokuphelele sibiza ngokuphelele isikhathi sokurhweba ngokuphakeme kanye ne-25.

Lokhu kukuhlaka okuphakeme kuphela. Isikhathi sokuvaleka sokufaulu esihlukile kufanele sibone i-impedance yomkhakha wesikhathi sokuvaleka esiyangaphambili, izikhala, izinqamuzana, nokuthi yonke indlela yokusebenza kwesikhathi sokuvaleka.

Lokhu kulandelana kubalulekile xa kusukela ukukhetha i-circuit breakers, i-fuses, i-busbars, nokuthi izinkambo zokuhlinzeka.

3.3 Ukuhlanya kwe-Electrical Protection

Ukugcina kwesikhundla sokufa kusobala kubangela ukuthi isikhundla sokuvula sifanele kusikhundla sesiphambili.

Uma ubungo bokuphakama kwebhanki ayikho ngaphezulu kwezidingo, ukugcina kwesikhundla sokufa kungaba ngaphezulu kwezidingo zokulinda okwenzelwe ukuzithemba.

Uma ubungo bokuphakama buya ngaphezulu, ukugcina kwesikhundla sokufa kungaba ngaphansi, okungaba yinkimbinkimbi yokuthi izixhumanisi zokulinda ziyasebenza njengoba kudingeka nokuthi zihlanganise ngokulingana.

Ngakho-ke, ubungo bokuphakama kwebhanki kufanele kube luthile kusikhathi sokudesigna isikhundla sesilungu.

3.4 Ukuhlaka kwenkimbinkimbi yebhanki ephambili

Uma ibhanki ezimbili noma ngaphezu kwalokho ibhanki zisebenza ngokuphambili, ubungo bokuphakama nobungo bokuphakama bakuyibanga ukuthi kubhekiswe kanjani umsebenzi wokusebenza.

Ukuze kubhekiswe ngokuphelele ukusebenza ngokuphambili, abadlayisi bafanele bakabonise:

• Izilinganiso zokuphakama zokuvamisa nezinkinga zokuvamisa

• Izigaba zokuvamisa ezifanayo noma ezihlanganayo

• Ubungo obufanayo bokuphakama ngaphakathi

• Amaphakathi okuhlanganisa okufanele

• Amakhapasite ephakamileyo nezimo zokusebenza ezifanele

Uma imithambo yezinkulungwane iyisilinganiso esiphakade, kungazange ibhale isibonelo esifanele. Umthambo wokugcina ungathola ukuphakama kakhulu ngelishwa elinye lisebenza ngaphezu kwezimali zakho.

Ukusebenzisa kwezinkulungwane ngokuhlanganisa kufanele kubhekwa ngokuphelele ngemboni yezinkulungwane nokudesigna kweprojekthi yezinhlelo zokusebenza.

5. Imithambo yezinkulungwane engeziwe noma emnyenyane

Akukho mthambo ongaphakamile noma ongemyenyane ongabizwa ngokujwayelekile njengomhle. Isilinganiso esifanele sisebenza ngokwesistimu yamandla.

Aba-ingenyera kufanele bahlukanise ukulungiswa kwevoltage, ukunciphisa kwe-fault-current, izirayitingi zezinkampani, nokusebenza kwezinkinga.

5. Ukukhetha ukulinganisa kwe-transformer okuphelele

Ngaphambi kokuchaza ukulinganisa kwe-transformer, aba-ingenyera basebenzi kufanele bahlalele lezi zindaba zilandelayo:

Umbiko Owatholakala Ngokuzimisa: Ukulinganisa kwe-transformer kuthinta i-rated current futhi isistimu sokufaka amafault.

Ukuvamisa kwe-Primary ne-kwe-Secondary: Ukulingana kwe-voltage kufanele kube ngokufanayo ne-network yokuqawula.

Izinkundla zokugcina isikhathi sokugcina (short-circuit level): Izinkundla zokugcina zasezulwini (upstream network fault level) zingcono kakhulu ukubala i-fault current yezinye.

Amathuluzi okuhlinzekwa (Protection equipment): Amacircuit breaker, amafuse, nezinkundla zokuguqula (switchgear) kufanele zibe nezilinganiso ezipheleleyo.

Ukusebenza kwezilungu (Parallel operation): Uma izilungu zizosebenza ngokuphakanyiswe (in parallel), kufanele sibhekele ukulingana kwe-impedance.

Izindlela ezinamandla zokusebenza: I-transformer kufanele ibhekwe phambili futhi ibhalwe ngokulingana nezidingo zomshado futhi nezistandadi eziphathelene, njengokuthi kuzikwele zika-IEC 60076 noma IEEE C57 series.

6. I-Transformer Impedance kwe-Dingxin S13-M Distribution Transformers

Isigaba se-Dingxin se-S13-M sokuthi sikhuphile ngokuphelele isithuthi sezinkampani zokugcina amandla esihlakini esikhiywe ngokuphelele kusuka ku-30 kVA kuya ku-2500 kVA.

Uluhlu lwesibonelo sesiqondiso esishicilekileyo:

• Isibonelo sekhethe: 30–2500 kVA

• Amakhilovolthi aphezulu: 6 kV, 6.3 kV, 10 kV, noma 10.5 kV

• Amakhilovolthi aphansi: 0.4 kV

• Ukuhlukunyezwa kokugcina kwemitha: 4.0% kubonke abasibonelo abangaphezu kuka-630 kVA; 4.5% kubonke abasibonelo abangaphezu kuka-800 kVA futhi kusha

• Ukuhlula: ONAN, ukuhlula ngokwesibonelo sokugcina amandla esihlakini esikhiywe ngokuphelele

• Isibhakabhaka: Isibhakabhaka sesihlakini esikhuphile ngokuphelele esisodwa

Lezi zibonelo zokushicileka zezinhlobo zika-S13-M eziphathelwe. Abathengi baya kubhekisa isibonelo esikhulu, isikhundla sokugcina amandla, isigaba lokuxhumana, nokuhlukunyezwa kwezinhlobo zokugcina amandla zokugcina emfihlweni yezindatshana zokugcina amandla nezinhlobo zokugcina amandla ezivumelwe.

Kubaprojekthi obuyidinga isibonelo sokuhlukunyezwa esithile, ungcike isibonelo sokugcina kwemitha yesistimu nezindatshana zokugcina amandla kumshineli phambi kokuthenga.

7. Amazwi Amanje Amanje Aqondwa

Umbhalo wokugcina we-transformer uyiphi?

Umbhalo wokugcina we-transformer uyindlela yokuqondana kwe-resistance ne-leakage reactance, okubhekiswe kusukela ku-percentage yomlingo wokurayitha.

Kungani umbhalo wokugcina omkhulu we-transformer ubeka isiphambano sezinkinga sokushisa kwesikhathi sokugcina?

Ngokujwayelekile, yebo. Umbhalo wokugcina omkhulu we-transformer ubeka isiphambano sezinkinga sokushisa kwesikhathi sokugcina esibonakaliswa ngumtransformer, uma izimo zezindawo ezingaphansi ziyasemthethweni.

Umbhalo wokugcina we-transformer uyakhuthaza ukuguqula umlingo?

Yebo. Umbhalo wokugcina we-transformer uyakhuthaza ukuphatha kwe-umlingo ngaphansi kokusebenza. Ukuguqula kwakhe kuyikhozwa ngokusebenza, umbhalo wokugcina, nokufactor yomlingo wokusebenza.

Ngabe amahleli asebenza ngokuhlanganisa ngokwesibonelo ngokuhlakile?

Kungasebenze ngokuhlanganisa ngokwesibonelo kuphela emva kokuzilungiselela ngokuchaza kwe-engineering. Izimbalo ezahlukene zombhalo wokugcina zingabangela ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlobo ezahlukene. Kufanele kuchazwe ukulingana kwe-umlingo, i-vector group, i-impedance angle, nezinye izimo.

Ngabe umbhalo wokugcina we-transformer ungathengiswa ngokwesibonelo?

Ezinye izinhlelo ze-transformer zingacaciswa ngezidingo ze-impedance eziqondene nomsebenzi. Ukuthi kungenzeka yini kuxhomeke ekuhlolweni kwe-transformer, ukuklanywa, kanye namazinga asebenzayo. Abathengi kufanele basho ukuphikiswa okudingekayo ku-RFQ.

8. Ukuphila okuphakade Cela Ukusekela Kwezobuchwepheshe Kwe-Transformer Dingxin

Ukukhetha ukumelana kwesiguquli esifanele kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwevolthi, ekuvikeleni ukuvinjelwa kwesikhashana nasekuhlukanisweni kwamandla okunokwethenjelwa.

I-Jiangsu Dingxin Electric inikeza izixazululo ze-transformer ezicwiliswe uwoyela nezomile zohlobo lwezinsiza, ezimbonini, ingqalasizinda kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla avuselelekayo.

Uma uhlela iphrojekthi ye-transformer yokusabalalisa, thumela i-Dingxin amandla akho abekiwe, amandla okuqala nawesibili, ukungasebenzi kahle okudingekayo, izinga lesimiso sokuvinjelwa okufushane, namazinga afanele.

Xhumana ne-Dingxin Electric ukuze uxoxe ngemininingwane ye-transformer yakho futhi ucele isilinganiso sephrojekthi.