Ịgbasa Step-Up Transformers maka PV na Battery Energy Storage: Iji gbalịa Bidirectional Power Flow, Thermal Stress na ngalaba nke Protection

Ihe ọkụ ọhụrụ nke iji photovoltaic (PV) na sistemu nke ịkpọchaa enegi bateri (BESS) bụ isi iji mee ka ụlọ ọkụ nke ihe ọhụrụ si na-akpọ ụlọ ọkụ nke ịkpọchaa enegi.

Dị iche na ihe ọkụ solọ nke ebe ọzọ nke pụtara ya nke ọkụ nke ebe ọzọ, ihe ọkụ solọ na BESS nke ọhụrụ nwere ike ịdị n'ime ụfọdụ ụzọ: ipu ọkụ solọ, ịkpọchaa bateri site na grid ma ọbụ site na ọkụ solọ, ịkpọchaa enegi a kpọchaa, na ịmepụta ihe ndị ọzọ nke ịkpọchaa enegi.

Nke a na-eme n'ime ụzọ ọhụrụ nke ịdị n'ime ihe ọkụ na-enye ihe ọhụrụ nke ịkpọchaa enegi maka ihe ọkụ. photovoltaic Step-Up Substation na transformer ya nke n'okpuru ya.

Onye otu engineering transformer nke ọdịnala abụọ oge ọ ga-akpọchaa ihe ọkụ nke ọhụrụ nke ịkpọchaa enegi, jikọta ihe ọkụ nke ọhụrụ nke ịkpọchaa enegi, gbasaa ihe ọkụ nke ọhụrụ nke ịkpọchaa enegi, na ịdị n'ime sistemụ nke ịkpọchaa enegi nke e jikọtara ya.

Maka onye nke ebe ọzọ nke ọkụ solọ, onye nke ebe ọzọ nke BESS, onye nke ebe ọzọ nke ụlọ ọkụ, na onye nke ebe ọzọ nke ihe ọkụ nke ebe ọzọ, ịhọrọ transformer bụ isi iji mee ka ihe ọkụ dị mma na ịkpọchaa enegi nke ọhụrụ.

A mgbakwunye a na-ahụ maka njikọ PV na BESS n’ihe ndị dị mkpa nke elektrik, nke ọkụ, na nke ịjụ ọdịnala, ma pụta akụkọ gbasara ihe ọ bụla iji kwado transformer nke ọzọ nke e nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọdịnala nke ngalaba nke ọkụ nke ọhụrụ.

1. Ihe Ọmụmaatụ nke Sistemu Nkọwa Nkọwa PV-BESS

1.1 Kedu Kedu Oge Nke Solar-Plus-Storage Na-eme Mgbakwunye Nke Ọkụ

Na mpaghara nke grid nke e jiri ya mee ihe ọkụ nke photovoltaic, inverter nke solar na-egosipụta elektrik DC site nke module photovoltaic wee gbakwunye ya na elektrik AC.

Transformer nke ọzọ na-ebu ọkụ nke inverter ruo nke ọkụ nke nke e nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nke medium-voltage, dị ka 10 kV, 20 kV, ma ọ bụ 35 kV.

Ọkụ na-aga n’otu ahụ nke ihe ọkụ nke solar ruo nke mpaghara nke ịkọwa ma ọ bụ nke grid nke utility, mana ihe ndị ọzọ nke ịrụ ọrụ na ihe ndị ọzọ nke ịrụ ọrụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe nke ịga n’otu ọzọ.

Oge battery energy storage ejirila, ihe nke ọkụ na-aga n’otu ahụ na-aga n’otu ọzọ.

Ihe nke PV-BESS nke ọzọ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ n’ime otu nke ihe ndị a:

Otú Ịrụ Ọrụ	Ihe Nke Ọkụ Na-Aga	Ihe ịkọwa nke transformer
Ihe ịmepụta nke solar	PV inverter → Transformer → Grid	Ihe ịmepụta nke nke na-aga n'ihu
Ihe ịchọrọ nke battery site na grid	Grid → Transformer → BESS PCS	Ihe ịga nke active power nke na-aga n'ihu
Ihe ịpụta nke battery	BESS PCS → Transformer → Grid	Ihe ịpụta nke loading na thermal performance
Ihe nchekwa solar na BESS	PV + BESS → Transformer → Grid	Nchekwa oke nke ihe nchekwa
Inyere aka na grid	Ihe nchekwa ike aktịv / reaktịv nke e nwere ike iguzo n'otu ahụ	Iguzo oke ozi na nkwekọrịta nke ihe nchekwa
N'okpuru ọdịnala	Ihe nchekwa nke ike aktịv nke e nwere ike iguzo n'otu ahụ	Ihe nchekwa nke oke ozi na ihe nchekwa nke ihe nchekwa

Na sistimu nke e nwere ike iguzo n'otu ahụ, inverter photovoltaic na sistimu nke e nwere ike iguzo n'otu ahụ (PCS) nwere ike iguzo n'otu ahụ nke e nwere ike iguzo n'otu ahụ.

Ihe na-eme ka BESS nke dị na ihe na-eme ka step-up, ma ọ bụ ihe na-eme ka ọtụtụ transformer nwere ike iji wepụta site na oke ịntanetị nke sistemụ ma ọ bụ arụmọrụ elektrik.

1.2 Kedu ihe bụ ihe kpatara ịzụlite ihe na-aga n'ihu na n'akụkụ ahụ

Ihe na-eme ka transformer nke nke dị mma nwere ike inye ihe elektrik AC n'ihu ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ ahụ, mgbe niile e jiri usoro voltage, current, insulation, thermal, na ihe na-enyekwu aka nke ọdịnala.

N'aka ahụ, ịzụlite ihe na-aga n'ihu na n'akụkụ ahụ enweghị ike ịkpata ihe na-eme ka transformer nke dị n'akụkụ ahụ nke ọzọ .

Ihe na-achọghị ihe na-eme ka nke ọzọ bụ ihe na-eme ka nke ọzọ nke na-aga n'ihu na n'akụkụ ahụ nke hybrid solar na ihe na-eme ka storage.

Ihe a nwere ike ịbụ:

• Ihe na-aga n'ihu na n'akụkụ ahụ nke ịga n'ihu na ịga n'akụkụ ahụ.

• Ihe na-aga n'ihu na n'akụkụ ahụ nke ịga n'ihu na ịga n'akụkụ ahụ nke ụbọchị.

• Ihe na-aga n'ihu na n'akụkụ ahụ nke inverter na-eme ka harmonic currents.

• Ihe ịkpọta ike nke ịkpọta ike.

• Ihe ịkpọta DC nke e nwere ike ịbụ.

• Ihe ịkpọta ike dị iche iche na ngwaọrụ dị iche iche.

• Ihe ịkpọta ozi nke voltage na network nke ịkpọta.

• Oge pụrụ iche nke ịkpọta ike nke ịkpọta ike.

Transformer nke photovoltaic step-up ga-eme ihe ịkpọta nke ihe a na-eme na ngwaọrụ dị iche ma ọ bụ na ihe ịkpọta ike nke ịkpọta ike.

2. Ihe ịkpọta ike nke ịkpọta ike na ihe ịkpọta ike. BESS Step-Up Transformers

2.1 Ihe ịkpọta ike nke ịkpọta ike na ịkpọta ike.

Ihe ịkpọta ike bụ ihe kachasị mkpa nke e nwere ike ịkpọta nke ịkpọta ike. BESS nke na-eme ka transformer dịrị .

Ihe ọkụ nke windings nke transformer na ihe ọkụ nke insulating liquid bụ ebe a na-aga n'ihu nke ihe ọkụ nke electrical, ihe ọkụ nke cooling, ihe ọkụ nke environment, na ihe ọkụ nke loading gara aga.

Ihe ọkụ nke battery storage plant nwere ike ịbụ nke ọtụtụ charging na discharging nke ọtụtụ mgbe n'ime ụbọchị ọkụ.

Dịka ihe ọkụ, ihe ọkụ nke battery nwere ike ịme charging mgbe solar generation dị elu, ịme discharging mgbe evening peak, na ịmepụta ihe ọkụ nke grid nke ọzọ mgbe nke ọtụtụ mgbe.

Ọ dịghị ihe ọkụ nke reversing power flow nke na-eme ihe ọkụ ọzọ n'ime RMS current ahụ, mana ọtụtụ mgbe ihe ọkụ nke current nwere ike ịmepụta ihe ọkụ nke ọtụtụ mgbe na ihe ọkụ nke cooling nke ọtụtụ mgbe.

Ihe a na-eme a na-enye ohere:

• Nkọwa nke mbara ụbọchị nke mbara ụbọchị.

• Igwe nke ịdị ọcha nke nkọwa.

• Ịgbanwe nke mbara ụbọchị na ịgbanwe nke mbara ụbọchị.

• Ihe ọ bụla nke ịdị ọcha nke nkọwa.

• Ihe ọ bụla nke ọkụ na nkọwa.

Ihe ọ bụla nke mbara ụbọchị na-enye ohere nke ịdị ọcha nke ọkụ na ihe ọ bụla nke mbara ụbọchị nke transformer.

Dịka ọmụma, ịhụ nke transformer ga-eme n'okpuru nke ihe ọ bụla nke ịdị ọcha nke transformer ma ọ bụ nke PCS.

2.2 Ihe ọ bụla nke mbara ụbọchị nke transformer

Ihe ọ bụla nke nkọwa nke transformer na-enye ohere nke mbara ụbọchị nke nkọwa.

Mgbe transformer dị n'oil, ihe ọkụ nke hot-spot nwere ike ịbụ dịka aha nke aha:

θH = θA + ΔθTO + ΔθH

Ebe:

• θH: Nkọwa nke mbara ụbọchị nke mbara ụbọchị.

• θA: Ihe ọkụ nke environment.

• δθTO: Oke okpomọkụ mmanụ dị elu karịa gburugburu.

• δθH: Ọgba aghara na-agbagharị n'elu okpomọkụ mmanụ dị n'elu.

Mmụba okpomọkụ n'ezie na-agbanwe dabere na ibu, nhazi oyi, usoro transformer, na akụkọ ihe mere eme ọrụ.

Ndi ngwaahịa ga-akwado ịgbakwunye nke ọkụkọ n'aka nke mgbanwe dị mkpa, dịka IEEE C57.91 ma ọ bụ IEC 60076-7, n'ime ihe ọkụkọ nke njikọ.

N'ime nkọwa BESS, otu profaịlụ ịgbakwunye nke oge na-eme ka ọ dị mfe ịhụ ihe ndị na-achọ ịdị ọcha nke enweghị ike ịhụ n'okpuru nke ịgbakwunye nke akara ahụ nke ọkụkọ.

2.3 Ịgbakwunye nke DC ma ọ bụ ịdị ọcha nke core

Ndi ngwaahịa elektronik nke ọkụkọ nwere ike ịgbakwunye ihe kpatara DC nke keere n'ala nke ọkụkọ ha n'ime ohere ndị dị iche iche.

Ịgbakwunye nke DC pụrụ iche nwere ike ịmepụta ihe nke na-achọ ịdị ọcha nke core nke transformer, nke nwere ike ịbụ:

• Ịgbakwunye nke magnetizing nke ọkụkọ pụrụ iche.

• Ịdị ọcha nke core.

• Ihe ndị na-achọ ịgbakwunye nke ọkụkọ pụrụ iche.

• Ịdị ọcha nke ohere nke dị n'ala.

• Ịgbakwunye nke akụkụ nke akụkụ nke ọkụkọ pụrụ iche.

• Mkpọtụ na-adịghị mma.

Agbanyeghị, inverters jikọtara grid nke ọma na ngwa PCS gụnyere ọrụ njikwa na nchekwa ezubere iji gbochie injection DC.

A ga-enyocha mgbanwe DC dị ka ihe achọrọ maka ịdị mma na nkwekọ akụrụngwa, ọ bụghị ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere nke ọrụ bidirectional.

Ndị na-emepụta transformer kwesịrị ịrịọ maka oke ntinye DC nke onye nrụpụta PCS nyere mgbe ha na-enyocha ndakọrịta.

3. Mgbanwe Harmonic na TRANSFORMER Ihe Ọdịda na Sistemu PV-BESS nke Ọdịda

3.1 Kedu ihe bụ ihe kpatara ọrụ nke Ihe Nkọwa Elektrọnịk

Ihe nkọwa photovoltaic na ihe nkọwa PCS nke bateri jiri ihe nkọwa semiconductor na algorithim nke ikpeazụ ịkpọtụ elektirikị maka ikpokọta ihe elektrọnịk.

Ihe nkọwa a na-eme nwere ike ịbụ ihe nke ọdịda nke ihe elektrọnịk nke harmonic.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, dịka ihe nkọwa nke ihe nkọwa, frequency nke ikpokọta, strateji nke ikpeazụ, na ihe nkọwa, ihe nkọwa nke harmonic nwere ike ịbụ 5th, 7th, 11th, na 13th harmonic, ma ọ bụ ihe nkọwa nke frequency pụrụ iche.

Ihe ọ bụla nke ihe ndị dị na harmonic spectrum ga-eme ka ọ dị mma site na onye ọrụ ihe ndị eji eme ihe, ma ọ bụ n'okpuru ihe ndị dị na power-quality study.

Ihe ndị dị na harmonic currents nwere ike ịdị ọcha:

• Ihe ndị dị na winding eddy-current losses.

• Ihe ndị dị na stray losses na ihe ndị dị na structural components.

• Ihe ndị dị na additional conductor heating.

• Ihe ndị dị na overall transformer thermal loading.

• Ihe ndị dị na potential resonance-related electrical stress na system nke ọtụtụ.

Kama ihe ndị dị na harmonic-related eddy-current losses bụ ihe ndị dị na frequency-dependent, ịlele fundamental-frequency RMS current nwere ike ịkwenye ihe ndị dị na certain loss contributions.

3.2 BESS Transformers nwere ike ịgwa K-Factor Ratings?

K-factor bụ ihe a na-eji eme ihe nke ọ bụla maka ịkpọtụrụ ihe ndị dị na transformer capability maka ịkwado ihe ndị dị na nonlinear load characteristics, nke dị mkpa na ihe ndị dị na dry-type transformer applications.

Mana, ịhọrọ K-4, K-9, ma ọ bụ K-13 rating nke ọdịnala enweghị ike ịbụ ihe kpatara iji mee ihe transformer nke solar na energy storage step-up nke e jiri akwụkwọ nke mmanya gburugburu oke.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, maka transformer nke medium-voltage nke e jiri akwụkwọ nke mmanya gburugburu oke, ihe nkọwa nke ọdịnala bụ ịlele ihe nkọwa nke harmonic nke e nwere ike ịbụ na ihe ọdịda nke ọzọ nke e nwere ike ịbụ.

IEEE C57.110 nwere ihe nkọwa nke e nwere ike ịlele ihe nkọwa nke transformer dịka ọ dị n'ime ihe nkọwa ya nke ihe nkọwa nke ihe elektrọnịk nke ọ dịghị n'ime ihe nkọwa ya.

Ihe nkọwa nke e nwere ike ịmee bụ:

1. Gbasị ihe ndị na-eme nke PV inverter na BESS PCS harmonic current data.

2. Gbalite ihe ndị dị mkpa nke ọrụ nke ọkachamara na nke ịkpọta.

3. Kpọtụrụ ihe ndị na-eme nke winding na stray losses nke dị mkpa.

4. Chekwaa ihe ndị na-eme nke winding temperature rise na insulation loading.

5. Kpọtụrụ otu n'ime ihe ndị a: special winding construction, additional cooling, ma ọ bụ derating bụ ihe dị mkpa.

Nke a bụ ihe ndị na-eme nke dị ka ihe ndị na-eme nke ọrụ nke ọkachamara, na-eme ka ọ dịghị ihe ndị na-eme nke transformer oversizing nke dịghị mkpa, mana na-eme ka ọ dịghị ihe ndị na-eme nke ọrụ nke oge ogologo.

3.3 Ikwuwe ihe nke na-akpata ịdị ọcha nke mgbagwoju anya

Dịka ọmụmaatụ nke inverter na ihe dị mkpa nke ọrụ, ihe ndị dị ka ihe nke transformer nwere ike ịbụ:

• Ihe nke na-akwado ịgba aha nke conductor.

• Ihe nke na-akwado ịgba aha nke conductor ma ọ bụ ịgba aha nke winding.

• Ihe nke na-akwado ịdị ọcha nke mgbagwoju anya.

• Ihe nke na-akwado ịgba aha nke ịkpa oyi.

• Ihe nke na-akwado ịdị ọcha nke mgbagwoju anya n'ime ihe nke na-akpata mgbagwoju anya.

• Ihe nke na-akwado ịgba aha nke filtering n'ime inverter ma ọ bụ n'ime system.

Ihe nke na-akwado ịgba aha nke filtering bụ ihe nke na-akwado n'ime system, nke na-enye aka n'ime PCS supplier, EPC contractor, na grid interconnection designer.

Ihe nke na-akwado transformer na-anọchite anya ọ bụla nke ihe nke na-akpata mgbagwoju anya n'ime hybrid power plant.

4. Voltage Regulation na Tap Changer Selection for Bidirectional Power Flow

4.1 Voltage Rise na Voltage Drop in Hybrid Systems

Transformer terminal voltage bụ nke dị n'ụzọ na ukwuu nke active na reactive power, transformer impedance, na ihe ndị na-eme nke network nke dị n'okpuru ya.

N'oge PV generation ma ọ bụ BESS discharge, power export nwere ike inye ihe ndị na-eme nke voltage rise n'ime ihe ndị na-eme nke connection points.

N’oge ịkpọta nke grid, ihe ọkụ na-eme ka ọ dịrị ọkụ ahụ gafere.

Ma, ihe ọkụ ahụ nke e mechara bụ ihe ọkụ ahụ nke e mechara na-eme ka ọ dịrị ọkụ ahụ gafere, ihe ọkụ ahụ nke e mechara na-eme ka ọ dịrị ọkụ ahụ gafere, ihe ọkụ ahụ nke e mechara na-eme ka ọ dịrị ọkụ ahụ gafere, ihe ọkụ ahụ nke e mechara na-eme ka ọ dịrị ọkụ ahụ gafere, na ihe ọkụ ahụ nke e mechara na-eme ka ọ dịrị ọkụ ahụ gafere.

N’ihe ndị na-eme ka PV na BESS dị iche iche, ihe ọkụ ahụ nke e mechara na-eme ka ọ dịrị ọkụ ahụ gafere ga-eme n’ime inverter, transformer, na grid connection system.

4.2 Off-Circuit Tap Changers vs On-Load Tap Changers

Ihe abụọ nke eji eme ihe ọkụ ahụ nke e mechara na-eme ka ọ dịrị ọkụ ahụ gafere na power transformers.

De-Energized Tap Changer (DETC)

Onye nchọpụta akara ahụ na-egosi ihe ọ bụla nke transformer nwere ike ịgbanwee mgbe transformer ahụ abụghị ihe ọ bụla nke e nweghị ike, dị ka otu nke onye siere ya na-akọwa.

Uru ndị dị na ya bụ:

• Ihe ọ bụla nke dị mkpa na-eme ka ọ dị mfe.

• Ọtụtụ oge nke ọ bụla nke dị mfe.

• Ihe ọ bụla nke dị mkpa na-eme ka ọ dị mfe.

• Ihe ọ bụla nke dị mkpa mgbe ihe ọ bụla nke voltage nwere ike ịdị n'okpuru ihe ọ bụla nke ọzọ.

On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC)

OLTC nwere ike ịgbanwee ihe ọ bụla nke tap mgbe transformer ahụ dị n'ime ihe ọ bụla nke e nweghị ike ma ọ bụ n'ime ihe ọ bụla nke e nweghị ike, dị ka otu nke design ya ma ọ bụ operating limitations ya.

Sisitem OLTC nwere ike ịdị mkpa mgbe ihe ọ bụla nke network voltage nwere ike ịdị n'ime ihe ọ bụla nke transformer ratio nwere ike ịgbanwee.

Ma ọ bụ, OLTC adịghị n'otu oge nwere ike ịdị mkpa mgbe BESS nwere ike ịkụrụ ma ọ bụ ịkpọtụrụ n'otu oge.

Ihe ọ bụla nke dị mkpa nke inverter nwere ike ịmepụta ihe ọ bụla nke voltage na reactive power control n'ime ihe ọ bụla nke e nweghị ike ma ọ bụ n'ime ihe ọ bụla nke grid code requirements.

Ihe ọkụ ahụ nke e mechara na-eme ka ọ dịrị ọkụ ahụ gafere ga-eme ihe ọkụ ahụ nke e mechara na-eme ka ọ dịrị ọkụ ahụ gafere.

Engineering recommendation: Gosi ihe ọkụ ahụ nke e mechara na-eme ka ọ dịrị ọkụ ahụ gafere nke inverter, ihe ọkụ ahụ nke e mechara na-eme ka ọ dịrị ọkụ ahụ gafere nke medium-voltage network, ihe ọkụ ahụ nke e mechara na-eme ka ọ dịrị ọkụ ahụ gafere nke grid interconnection, na ihe ọkụ ahụ nke e mechara na-eme ka ọ dịrị ọkụ ahụ gafere nke tap operation frequency before specifying OLTC equipment.

5. Selecting the Right Photovoltaic Step-Up Substation Architecture

5.1 Nkọwa PV-BESS na Mba Nkọwa Nke Ebe Agha

Aphotovoltaic Step-Up Substation na-eme ka ngwaọrụ elektrik nke e nwere ike iji dochie ihe nkịtị elektrik nke ọkụ ọhụrụ na mpaghara nke ọkụ ọhụrụ nke nta.

Dịka ọ dị, mba nkọwa nke ebe agha nwere ike ịbụ:

• Transformer nke ịkpọ ọkụ ọhụrụ.

• Ngwaọrụ ọkụ ọhụrụ nke nta ma ọ bụ unit nke RMU (Ring Main Unit).

• Ngwaọrụ ọkụ ọhụrụ nke nta nke ịbụ n'ime.

• Ihe nchekwa na ihe nke ịrụ ọrụ.

• Ihe nchekwa ọkụ.

• Ihe nchekwa nke ọkụ nke ebe agha.

• Ihe nke ọkụ nke ebe ọzọ.

• Ihe nchekwa na ihe nke ịkpọtụrụ.

Ihe nke ịdị iche iche nwere ike inwe ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe nke ebe agha nke ebe ọzọ na-enye ihe nke ọkụ dị iche iche.

Ihe nke ọrụ nwere ike inwe ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ebe agha nke ebe ọzọ, ihe nke ọkụ nke ebe agha, ihe nke ọkụ nke ebe ọzọ, na ihe nke ọkụ nke ebe ọzọ.

Ma ọ bụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe nke ebe agha nwere ike inwe ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ebe agha, ihe nke ọkụ nke ebe agha, ihe nke ọkụ nke ebe agha, na ihe nke ọkụ nke ebe agha.

5.2 Ihe nke ọkụ nke ebe agha vs. Ihe nke ọkụ nke ebe ọzọ

Ihe nke na-akpọgharị	Ihe nke ọkụ nke ebe agha nke ebe agha	Ihe ọkụrụ nke ihe ndị eji eme ihe
Ihe ndị eji eme ihe na-eme	Ihe ọkụrụ nke otu ụlọ ịmụ	Ihe ọkụrụ nke transformer na switchgear dị iche
Ohere nke ụlọ	Nwere ike ịdị mfe	Ebe a na-eme ihe ndị eji eme ihe
Ihe ọkụrụ nke otu ụlọ	Ihe ọkụrụ nke ihe ndị eji eme ihe nke oge ọhụrụ	Mgbe ọhụrụ ga-enwe ike ịbụ ihe ọkụrụ nke ihe ndị eji eme ihe
Nweta Nlekọta	O kwesịrị ịbụ n'ime ngwaọrụ nke ịkpakọrịta	Nwere ike ịmepụta ọtụtụ ihe ngwa ngwa dị iche iche
Nkwado nke ọzọ	E nwere ike ịbụ na ngwaọrụ nke paketi	Ọtụtụ oge na-eme ka ọ nwee ike ịgbanwe ngwaọrụ site n'aka nke ọzọ
Ihe nke ọrụ nke application	Ihe ngwa ngwa nke solar/BESS na mpaghara pụrụ iche	Ihe ngwa ngwa dị ukwuu ma ọ bụ dị otú iche iche

N'ime ihe ngwa ngwa nke utility-scale hybrid, ihe ngwa ngwa nke ọrụ kwesịrị ịzọpụta site n'aka nke ihe ngwa ngwa nke ịkwado, ihe ngwa ngwa nke ịgbanwe, ihe ngwa ngwa nke ịkọwa elektrik, ihe ngwa ngwa nke ịhụnanya, na otu oge nke ọrụ nke ịkpakọrịta.

5.3 Ngwaọrụ nke Transformer nke nwere ihe ngwa ngwa nke low-voltage abụọ

Ọtụtụ ihe ngwa ngwa nke PV-BESS na-enye transformer nke nwere ihe ngwa ngwa nke low-voltage nke ọzọ maka inverter nke photovoltaic na battery PCS.

Ngwaọrụ a nwere ike ịmepụta ihe ngwa ngwa nke elektrik nke ọzọ maka ihe ngwa ngwa abụọ a, mana ihe ngwa ngwa nke medium-voltage bụ ihe kpatara.

Ihe ọ bụla dị mkpa nke e nwere ike ịbụ:

• Ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dị n'okpuru mgbakwunye nke low-voltage nke na-aga n'ihu n'otu.

• Ihe ọ bụla dị mkpa nke e nwere ike ịbụ nke ịkọwa voltage nke winding.

• Ihe ọ bụla dị mkpa nke e nwere ike ịbụ nke ịkwado ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dị n'okpuru mgbakwunye AC nke na-aga n'ihu n'otu.

• Ihe ọ bụla dị mkpa nke e nwere ike ịbụ nke ịkọwa impedance na grounding nke na-aga n'ihu n'otu.

Ma, winding ndị na-aga n'ihu n'otu enweghị ike ịmepụta electrical isolation pụrụ iche n'ime system ndị na-aga n'ihu n'otu nke na-aga n'ihu n'otu nke na-aga n'ihu n'otu.

Ihe ndị na-aga n'ihu n'otu nke fault currents, winding coupling, voltage transients, na protection coordination ga-eme n'ime transformer's multi-winding equivalent circuit.

Dual-secondary design ga-eme n'ime ịkọwa nke na-aga n'ihu n'otu nke power ratings, winding voltages, vector group, impedances, na short-circuit characteristics.

6. TRANSFORMER Protection for Bidirectional PV-BESS Operation

6.1 Directional Overcurrent Protection

Nkọwa nke ọkụ ọhụrụ nke nta nwere ike ịbụ na ọ dị ka ọ dị na ọkụ ọhụrụ nke nta na-aga na ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dị n'ime.

Sistemu PV-BESS nke nta nwere ike ịbụ na ọ na-enye ọkụ ọhụrụ nke nta nke nta nke nta, dịka ọ dị na ọkụ ọhụrụ nke nta, ọkụ ọhụrụ nke nta, na ọkụ ọhụrụ nke nta.

Nkọwa nke ọkụ ọhụrụ nke nta nke nta nke nta nke ANSI 67 na 67N nwere ike ịbụ na ọ dị na ọkụ ọhụrụ nke nta nke nta.

Nkọwa ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịbụ:

Ihe ọrụ ANSI	Nkwerẹta Function	Ihe ọrụ nke e kwadebe
50/51	Nkọwa ọsọ/nke agha nke ohere	Nkọwa nke ọsọ nke akara
50N/51N	Nkọwa nke ohere nke akara	Ịkọwa ịdịghị mma nke ụzọ mmalite
67/67N	Igbo nke ọkụ ọkụ na ọnọdụ ọkụ	Ịkọwa ịdịghị mma nke ọkụ mgbe e nwere ihe ọkụ karịrị otu
87T	Igbo nke transformer	Ịkọwa ịdịghị mma nke transformer na isi
49	Nchedo Okpomọkụ	Ịkọwa ịdịghị mma nke ọkụ nke ọkụ
27/59	Ọkụ dị elu/dị ọnụ	Ọkụ dị elu/dị ọnụ
81U/81O	Nkọwa nke ohere/nke ohere	Nkọwa nke ohere nke akara

Ihe ọrụ nke nkọwa na-aga n'ihu n'ime ukwuu nke transformer, ihe ọrụ nke akara, ihe ọrụ nke grid code, na ihe ọrụ nke plant architecture.

Ihe ịdị ndị ọzọ nke ịdị n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ enweghị ike ịbụ ihe ịdị n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ; ihe ịdị n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ kwesịrị ịkọwa n'aka ịdị n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ.

6.2 Ihe ịdị n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ na ihe ịdị n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ nke ihe ịdị n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ

Ihe ịdị n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ na BESS enwere ike ịdị n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ nke ịdị n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ, ihe ịdị n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ nke ịdị n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ, na ihe ịdị n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ nke ịdị n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ.

Ihe ịdị n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ nke transformer kwesịrị ịdị n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ nke ihe ịdị n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ nke ịdị n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ.

Ihe ndị dị mkpa nke ọkụziri bụ:

• Ọgụgụ ọzọ dị elu nke ihe.

• Ihe ịdị n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ nke ịdị n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ.

• Ihe ịkụzịrị ike nke ọkụ na-aga n’ime ọnọdụ.

• Nchekwa nke ihe nwere ike ịkụzịrị ike.

• Ihe ndị e jiri mee ihe ịkụzịrị ike.

• Ihe ndị e jiri mee ihe nwere ike ịkụzịrị ike nke kọbọl.

• Ọnọdụ nke ihe ịkụzịrị ike nke ịgbanwe.

Ihe nwere ike ịkụzịrị ike nke metal-oxide nwere ike ịbụrụ n’ime ọkụ nke ịkụzịrị ike nke sistem.

Ihe ndị a ga-eme ka ha chọọ ihe ịkụzịrị ike, ike nke ọkụ nke dị n’oge ọ bụla, ọkụ nke dị n’oge ọ bụla, ma ọ bụrụ na ihe ịkụzịrị ike nke dị n’oge ọ bụla.

6.3 Ihe nke transformer na SCADA

Nke pụrụ iche nke PV-BESS nwere ike ịbụrụ n’ime SCADA nke dị n’ụlọ.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ nke transformer na ihe ndị a ga-eme, ihe ndị a ga-eme nwere ike ịbụ:

• Ihe ịdị n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ nke ọgụgụ ọzọ nke oil.

• Ihe ịdị n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ nke ọgụgụ ọzọ nke winding ma ọ bụ ihe ịdị n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ nke ọgụgụ ọzọ nke winding.

• Ihe ịdị n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ nke liquid level.

• Ihe ịdị n'okpuru ọgụgụ ọzọ nke pressure relief device.

• Nkọwa nke ịgbakwunye nke gas, mgbe e nwere ike.

• Otu nke sistema nke ịkpọmkwem.

• Nkọwa na ntụgharị nke ịkpọmkwem.

Buchholz relays bụ isi iyi nke transformer nke e jikọtara ya na conservator-type liquid-immersed transformers, ma bụ transformer nke e jikọtara ya na-eme ka ọ dị mma, mana bụ transformer nke e jikọtara ya na-eme ka ọ dị mma.

Nkọwa nke ịkpọmkwem nwere ike ịjikọta ya na SCADA nke plant ma ọ bụ sistema nke ịkpọmkwem nke enegi, site na interface nke ịkpọmkwem nke e nwere ike.

Ijikọ a nwere ike ịmepụta ịkpọmkwem nke otu, ịkpọmkwem nke ịkpọmkwem, na ịkpọmkwem nke ịkpọmkwem.

7. IEEE na IEC Standards for PV-BESS Step-Up Transformers

Ihe ndị ọrụ nke renewable energy nke dị na ala ọzọ chọrọ ịkpọmkwem nke transformer standards nke e nwere ike na ịkpọmkwem nke grid nke dị na ala ahụ.

Ihe ndị ọrụ a pụtara nkọwa nke teknụlọji.

Ụkpụrụ	Nweta	Ihe ọrụ nke PV-BESS
IEEE C57.159	Nkọwa maka ihe ngosi nke transformer na sistimu nke ịgbakwunye photovoltaic	Nkọwa maka ihe ọrụ nke transformer nke inverter PV
IEEE C57.12.00	Ihe ndị ọrụ dị mkpa maka transformer nke e jiri ọsọ isi ya	Ihe ọrụ na ihe ndị ọrụ nke transformer
IEEE C57.110	Ihe ọrụ nke transformer n'ime ihe ndị ọrụ nke akara ọsọ dị iche iche	Ihe ndị ọrụ nke harmonic loss na ihe ndị ọrụ nke loading evaluation
IEEE C57.91	Ihe ndị ọrụ nke transformer nke e jiri mineral-oil isi ya	Ihe ọrụ nke ịkụzị na ịgbanwe nke ịkuku ọkụ
IEC 60076-1	Ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa maka transformers nke ike	Ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa na ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa
IEC 60076-2	Ịkụzị nke ọkụ maka transformers nke e jiri ọkụ dị n'ala	Ịkuku ọkụ na ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa
IEC 60076-5	Ike ịkwalite ihe ọ bụla dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ	Ihe ndị kwesịrị ekwe omume maka ọnụ ọgụgụ
IEC 60076-7	Ebumnuche nke ịgbakwunye maka transformers nke e jiri mineral-oil eme	Ihe ịgbakwunye nke ọnụ ọgụgụ
IEC 60076-16	Transformers maka ihe ndị na-eme nke wind turbine	Kpamkpam nke ọdịnala maka transformers nke wind turbine step-up
IEEE 1547	Ihe ịkwalite nke ihe ndị na-eme nke energy resources	Ihe ndị a na-eme ka DER na grid na-eme ihe ọ bụla nke e nwere ike ime n'ime ọkwa ya

IEC/IEEE 60076-16 bụ ihe kpatara ihe ndị na-eme ihe nke wind turbine step-up transformer. Ọ dịghị ike ịkpọ ya dị ka standard nke PV-BESS transformer.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, IEEE C57.159 na-enye aka maka ihe ndị na-eme ihe nke distributed photovoltaic transformer mana ọ dịghị ike ịgbanwee general transformer design, testing, ma ọ bụ grid interconnection standards.

Maka ihe ndị na-eme ihe nke hybrid, ndị engineer ga-akpọ ihe ndị a na-eme ihe nke ọ bụla n'otu n'otu ma gosi na ihe ndị a na-eme ihe bụ ihe dị mkpa maka transformer configuration a chọrọ.

8. Iji akpọ insulating fluids maka solar na BESS transformers

Iji akpọ insulating liquid na-eme ihe nke dielectric performance, heat transfer, fire protection, na environmental considerations.

8.1 Mineral Oil Transformers

Mineral oil bụ ihe a na-eji ike maka insulating na cooling medium maka liquid-immersed transformers.

Ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa bụ ịmepụta ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa, ịbụ n'ala, ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa nke ịmepụta, na ọkụ ọzọ dị mkpa.

8.2 Ester Insulating Fluids nke n'ala

Ester fluids nke n'ala bụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa maka ịmepụta nke e nwere ike ịkụzị ọkụ na ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa nke ịkuku ọkụ.

N'otu ahụ nke mineral insulating oil nke n'ala, ester fluids nke n'ala bụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa:

• Ọkụ dị elu.

• Ihe ọrụ nke ịkụzọ nke ọkụ na-eme n'okpuru ọkụ.

• Ihe ọrụ nke ịkụzọ mmiri dị iche iche.

• Ihe ọrụ dị mkpa n'ime ihe ndị dị iche iche nke ọkụ.

Otu n'ime ihe ndị na-enye nke na-eme n'okpuru ọkụ na-ezo na 300°C.

Ma, ihe ndị a chọrọ ịkụzọ nke ọkụ ga-eme n'okpuru ọkụ, ihe ndị na-eme n'okpuru ọkụ, ihe ndị na-eme n'okpuru ọkụ, na ihe ndị na-eme n'okpuru ọkụ.

Ihe ndị a chọrọ ịkụzọ nke ọkụ ga-eme n'okpuru ọkụ, ihe ndị na-eme n'okpuru ọkụ, na ihe ndị na-eme n'okpuru ọkụ.

Ihe ndị a chọrọ ịkụzọ nke ọkụ ma ọ bụ ihe ndị na-enye nke na-eme n'okpuru ọkụ enweghị ike ịkụzọ n'okpuru ọkụ nke otu ihe ọrụ.

9. Ihe ndị a chọrọ ịkụzọ nke ọkụ maka ihe ndị na-enye nke na-eme n'okpuru ọkụ nke PV-BESS

Gaa n'ihu nke ihe ndị a chọrọ ịkụzọ nke ọkụ nke e nwere ike ịkụzọ n'okpuru ọkụ:

• Ihe ndị a chọrọ ịkụzọ nke ọkụ nke PV: 3 MW.

• Ihe ịbụ nke BESS PCS maka ịguzo: 2 MW.

• Ihe ịbụ nke BESS PCS maka ịgbasa: 2 MW.

• Sisitemu nke ịkọwaa nke mgbakwunye nke mpaghara nke ọkụ: 35 kV.

• Ihe ịkọwaa nke AC nke iji mee ihe ọzọ.

Ọ bụrụ na sistemu nke ịmụtạ nwere ike ịguzo PV na BESS n'otu oge ahụ, nke ọzọ nke ihe ịbụ nke active power, ihe ọzọ nke ihe ịbụ nke ha nwere ike ịbụ:

3 MW + 2 MW = 5 MW

N'okpuru ihe ọzọ nke power factor nke 0.95, ihe ọzọ nke apparent power nke e nwere ike ịbụ:

S = P / PF

S = 5,000 kW / 0.95 = 5,263 kVA

Ihe ọzọ nke engineering nke ọkachamara nwere ike ịgbanwe ihe ọzọ nke transformer nke n'etiti ihe ọzọ nke apparent power a, n'okpuru ihe ọzọ nke ọkachamara, ihe ọzọ nke ịkọwaa, na ihe ọzọ nke standard.

Ma, ịhụ ọnụọgụ a na-eme ihe ọzọ ga-enye ihe ndị ọzọ.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na onye isi ihe ngosi nke mpaghara ahụ na-eme ka ịbụ 4 MW, ịhụ ọnụọgụ nke transformer ga-adị iche iche.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịkọwa bateri ga-enye ihe ndị ọzọ nke ịga n'ihu nke ihe ngosi dịka ọ bụrụ na ihe ngosi ahụ gosipụtara site na solar generation, grid, ma ọ bụ abụọ ha.

Ọnụọgụ nke transformer kachasị nta ga-eme ka ọ dị na matrix nke ihe ngosi nke ebe niile nke e nwere ihe ndị a:

1. PV kachasị nta na BESS export nke ọdịnala.

2. Otu nke ukwü nke e nwere ike ịgwa na grid.

3. Nchekwa nke reactive power.

4. Ihe nke harmonic loading.

5. Ihe nke transformer auxiliary loads.

6. Ihe ọkụ nke environment.

7. Ihe nke future capacity expansion.

8. Nchekwa nke overload conditions.

Dị ka ihe nke multi-winding transformers, otu winding bụ isi iji chekwa ya n'otu rating ya ma ọ bụ nchekwa nke current limits ya.

Ihe nke ukwü bụ ịkọwa transformer maka nke ukwü nke electrical na thermal operating conditions, anaghị ekwe ịkọwa ya n'otu sum nke installed equipment nameplate ratings.

10. Jiangsu Dingxin Electric's Custom PV-BESS Step-Up Transformer Solutions

Jiangsu Dingxin Electric bụ onye ịmepụta distribution transformers, power transformers, na prefabricated substations maka international electrical infrastructure markets.

N'ime ihe dị ka 30 ọzọ nke mgbe a na-eme ihe nke transformer, Dingxin na-enye ngwaọrụ maka ime ihe na ngwaọrụ nke ịmepụta ihe nke ọkụ, ngwaọrụ nke ịguzo ihe na ngwaọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ.

10.1 Transformer nke e wepụtara maka njikọ nke solar na njikọ nke akụkụ nke battery

Njikọ nke PV na BESS nwere ike ịnata ihe ndị ọzọ nke nkwekọrịta nke ọkụ nke ụlọ ọrụ nke ọzọ.

Dingxin na-eme ihe n'ime ụlọ ọrụ maka ịlele ihe ndị dị na njikọ nke ụlọ ọrụ:

• Ihe nke transformer nke dị na mpaghara nke ọkụ.

• Ihe nke njikọ nke inverter nke PV na PCS nke BESS.

• Ihe nke ọkụ nke mbụ na nke abụọ.

• Ihe nke winding nke ọkụ nke ala nke otu ma ọ bụ karịa.

• Ihe nke vector group nke transformer.

• Ihe nke impedance.

• Ịhụ ọnụọgụ nke insulating liquid.

• Ihe ngosi nke cooling.

• Ihe ngosi nke outdoor enclosure.

• Ihe ngosi nke protection na monitoring accessories.

Na project ndị nwere 35 kV-class collection systems, ihe ngosi nke substation nke e mechara ga-enye ihe dịka ọ dị mkpa maka voltage, capacity, switchgear arrangement, na ihe ngosi nke installation.

10.2 Mgbakwunsi Nke Mbu Nke Ihe Nkwekọrịta Nke Ihe Nkwekọrịta Nke Ebe Nke Elektrik

Ịkwado nke ihe nkwekọrịta nke PV-BESS na-eme ka ọ dị mma, ọ kwesịrị inye aka n'ime ịhazi nke transformer na ịhazi nke ihe nkwekọrịta nke elektirik nke sistemụ.

N'oge ịhazi nke ihe nkwekọrịta nke teknụk, ihe ndị dị mkpa bụ:

Ịhazi nke ọkụ: Gosi ihe nkwekọrịta nke ọkụ, nke ọkụ nke ụwa, na ọkụ nke winding.

Ịhazi nke harmonic: Gosi ihe nkwekọrịta nke inverter na PCS harmonic data ka ịhazie ma ọ bụghị ihe nkwekọrịta nke ọkụ ma ọ bụ ihe nkwekọrịta nke ịhazi dị mkpa.

Ịhazi nke elektrik: Kpọmkwem nke voltage nke winding, impedance, vector group, na ihe nkwekọrịta nke grounding nke sistemụ nke elektrik nke ọdịnala.

Ịhazi nke ịkwado: Gụọ ọrụ nke ịkwado ihe ọ bụla dị na transformer nke ịkwado ihe ọ bụla dị na system relaying na ịkwado ihe ọ bụla dị na switching arrangements.

Ịkwado ihe ọ bụla na ịmụpụta akwụkwọ: Kwekwe ihe ọ bụla dị na IEEE/IEC, ihe ọ bụla dị na factory acceptance criteria, na ihe ọ bụla dị na technical documentation n'ime ịmụ ọrụ.

Dingxin nwere ike inye aka na ọrụ ndepụta nke ihe ọ bụla dị na transformer nke e nwere ike ịgbanwe maka solar EPC contractors, renewable energy developers, na BESS integration partners.

Ihe ọ bụla dị na actual product ratings, compliance status, test scope, na ihe ọ bụla dị na available configurations ga-eme ka e gosipụta ya n'ime akwụkwọ teknụkal nke project ahụ.

11. Ihe ọ bụla dị na Frequently Asked Questions About PV-BESS Step-Up Transformers

Kedu ihe bụ bidirectional power flow transformer?

Bidirectional power flow transformer bụ transformer a na-eji ya na system electrical nke power nke e nwere ike ịga n'otu ahịa ma ọ bụ n'otu ahịa.

Ihe ngwongwo AC nke eji eme ihe nke ọdịnala nwere ike inye ike na mbụ n'ime ọdịnala, mana ihe ndị dị na mpaghara ịdị n'ihu nke ihe ngwongwo nke ebe ọdịnala nwere ike ịgwa ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka ihe ngwongwo nke ihe ndị na-eme, ihe ngwongwo nke ihe ndị na-eme, ihe ngwongwo nke ozi nke ihe ndị na-eme, na ihe ngwongwo nke ihe ndị na-eme.

Kedu ihe kpatara ihe ngwongwo BESS step-up dị iche na ihe ngwongwo solar nke ọdịnala?

Ihe ngwongwo BESS step-up nwere ike ime ihe nke ịgbasa, ịgbasa, ịdị n'ihu, na ihe ngwongwo nke ihe ndị na-eme.

N'otu nke ihe ngwongwo nke ọdịnala nke ihe ngwongwo solar, ihe ngwongwo ya nwere ike ịbụ ihe ndị ọzọ nke ihe ngwongwo na ihe ngwongwo nke ihe ndị na-eme.

Ihe ngwongwo nke ihe ngwongwo kwesịrị ịdị n'otu nke ihe ngwongwo PCS na ihe ngwongwo nke ihe ngwongwo.

Kedu ihe kpatara ihe ngwongwo ọkụ ọ bụla nwere ike ịdị n'otu nke inverter PV na ihe ngwongwo BESS PCS?

Ee. I nwere ike ịmepụta transformer nke e ji mere ihe ọ bụla ma ọ bụrụ na arụ ọrụ elektrik, ngwaọrụ ndị dị na winding, ngwaọrụ voltage, ịkwalite ọrụ nke ịkwado, na ọrụ thermal bụ nke ọma.

Ihe ndị dị mkpa bụ bus low-voltage nke ọ bụla ma ọ bụ arụ ọrụ transformer nke nwere ihe dị iche iche.

Ịgbanwe ihe na-eme n’ihe ọ bụla na-akpata ịgbanwe transformer?

Enweghị ike n’ọnwe ya.

Ịgbanwe core bụ ihe na-eme n’ihe ndị dị na magnetic, dị ka ngwaọrụ voltage-to-frequency pụrụ iche, DC bias, ma ọ bụ ihe ndị dị n’oge transient.

Ịgbanwe nke AC active power nke ọ bụla enweghị ike ịkpa ọrụ nke transformer core n’ọnwe ya.

K-factor transformers bụ ihe kpatara BESS installations?

Enweghị ike. Ihe ndị dị na harmonic bụ ihe kpatara ịgbakwunye nke PCS current spectrum na arụ ọrụ transformer nke dị mkpa.

K-factor nke dị n’ụzọ ọ bụla enweghị ike ịkpata ya n’ime transformer BESS nke e ji mere n’ala.

OLTC bụ ihe kpatara PV-BESS step-up substation?

Ọ bụghị mgbe niile.

Ihe ndị a na-eme ka OLTC dị iche iche n'ime ihe ndị a: usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ nke gịd, ike nke inverter maka ihe ndị a na-eme n'ime gịd, usoro nke ngalaba nke gịd, ma ọ bụ ihe ndị a na-eme n'ime project.

Otu n'ime ihe ndị a na-eme n'ime ụlọ ndị a na-eme bụ ịgbanwe ihe ndị a na-eme n'ime gịd nke na-eme n'ime inverter na gịd, ma ọ bụ ihe ndị a na-eme n'ime gịd.

Kedu ihe ndị a na-eme n'ime transformer PV-BESS?

Ihe ndị a na-eme n'ime ihe ndị a na-eme bụ IEEE C57.159, IEEE C57.12.00, IEEE C57.110, IEC 60076-1, IEC 60076-2, IEC 60076-5, na ihe ndị a na-eme n'ime ihe ndị a na-eme n'ime ihe ndị a na-eme.

Ihe ndị a na-eme n'ime gịd na-eme n'ime ihe ndị a na-eme n'ime ihe ndị a na-eme n'ime ihe ndị a na-eme n'ime ihe ndị a na-eme.

Kedu ihe ndị a na-eme n'ime ọrụ nke transformer nke na-eme n'ime project hybrid PV-BESS?

Onye na-eme ihe ndị a na-eme n'ime ọrụ nke transformer nwere ike ime ihe ndị a na-eme n'ime project: ịhọrọ transformer nke na-eme n'ime project, ịhọrọ ihe ndị a na-eme n'ime winding, ịhọrọ ihe ndị a na-eme n'ime loss, ịhọrọ ihe ndị a na-eme n'ime insulation, ịhọrọ ihe ndị a na-eme n'ime thermal performance, ịhọrọ ihe ndị a na-eme n'ime accessory, na ihe ndị a na-eme n'ime factory testing documentation.

Ihe ndị a na-eme n'ime equipment specification ga-eme n'ime ihe ndị a na-eme n'ime EPC contractor, PCS supplier, grid engineer, na transformer manufacturer.

12. Ihe kpatara: Engineering Reliable Ihe ngwongwo nke PV-BESS

Kama ihe ngwongwo nke solar na ihe ngwongwo nke bateri ebe a na-eme iji gbochie ihe ngwongwo nke transformer, a na-eme ihe ngwongwo nke transformer site na ihe ngwongwo nke nameplate na ihe ngwongwo nke voltage.

A reliable photovoltaic Step-Up Substation o kwesịrị ịkọwa ihe ngwongwo nke hybrid renewable energy systems ma ọ bụrụ na ihe ngwongwo nke thermal, dielectric, na electrical dị mma.

Ihe ndị dị mkpa nke engineering bụ:

• Ihe ngwongwo nke active na reactive power nke na-aga n'otu ahịa na n'otu ọzọ.

• Ihe ngwongwo nke charging na discharging nke na-aga n'otu ahịa na n'otu ọzọ.

• Ihe ngwongwo nke harmonic current.

• Ihe ngwongwo nke thermal loading nke transformer na insulation aging.

• Ihe ngwongwo nke voltage regulation na tap selection.

• Ihe ngwongwo nke multi-source fault current na protection coordination.

• Ihe ngwongwo IEEE/IEC nke nwere ike ịdị.

• Ihe ngwongwo nke ihe ngwongwo nke oge dị ogologo na ihe ngwongwo nke ihe ngwongwo.

Maka nnukwu ọrụ ike mmeghari ohuru, nhazi oge n'etiti ndị na-emepụta transformer, ndị ọrụ nkwekọrịta EPC, ndị na-ebunye PCS, na ndị injinia ọrụ nwere ike ibelata ihe egwu njikọta ma melite ndakọrịta akụrụngwa.

Rịọ maka transformer PV-BESS ahaziri ahazi

Ị na-emepụta ọrụ nchekwa ike anyanwụ na-ejikọta ọnụ ma ọ bụ imelite ebe nchekwa ike dị adị?

Jiangsu Dingxin Electric na-enye mgbanwe mgbanwe ahaziri ahazi na ngwọta nchekwa ihe maka mmepụta fotovoltaic, nchekwa ike batrị, na nkesa ike voltaji ọkara.

Ndị otu anyị nwere ike inyocha ihe achọrọ maka ọkụ eletrik gị, gụnyere ikike transformer, voltaji sistemụ, nhazi ịgbagharị, ihe mgbakwunye nchekwa, na ụkpụrụ injinịa ndị dị mkpa.

Kpọtụrụ Dingxin Electric ka ị rịọ maka nyocha nkọwapụta transformer kpọmkwem maka ọrụ ma ọ bụ RFQ teknụzụ.

Weebụsaịtị: https://www.dishinelectric.com/